The impact of handgrip strength and waist circumference on glycemic control: Prospective, observational study using outpatient clinical data in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction

Loss of muscle mass and the accumulation of visceral fat are known risk factors for the deterioration of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study looked at the effects of such factors on glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of handgrip strength (HGS) and waist circumference (WC).

Materials and Methods

In this prospective, observational study, 233 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a HbA1c level of ≥7.0% were followed for around 1 year, during which time they were studied for an understanding of the association between handgrip strength, waist circumference, and glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glycemic control improvement by Cox hazards models were analyzed for handgrip strength and waist circumference.

Results

Compared with the low tertile, patients in the middle and high tertiles of handgrip strength when adjustment was carried out for waist circumference were 2.117 (1.142–3.924) and 4.670 (2.526–8.632), respectively. The HRs of patients in the middle and high tertiles of WC when adjustment was made for HGS were 0.442 (0.269–0.725) and 0.339 (0.191–0.604), respectively. Within the low, middle, and high HGS tertiles, the HRs for WC were 0.863 (0.797–0.934), 0.940 (0.899–0.982), and 1.009 (0.984–1.035), respectively, although the HRs for HGS within each WC tertile remained significant.

Conclusions

Handgrip strength and waist circumference demonstrated independent associations for glycemic control, but the effect of waist circumference appeared to be at least partially canceled out by increased handgrip strength. The data suggest that handgrip strength might help to mitigate the negative impact of waist circumference on glycemic control.