Habitat characteristics and diel patterns of sand lance (Ammodytes spp) in coastal Newfoundland

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Environmental Biology of Fishes Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1007/s10641-024-01540-3

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Abstract

Fish select habitat based on many abiotic and biotic factors, with some species having narrow habitat requirements due to morphological traits. Fish of the genus Ammodytes (sand lance) are small schooling pelagic forage fish that lack a swim bladder and burrow into sandy substrate when not actively feeding to avoid predation and reduce energy expenditure. Sand lance species in the Pacific and Northeast Atlantic show diel shifts in feeding in the water column and burrowing, but diel patterns for species in the Northwest Atlantic remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate sand lance habitat characteristics and diel behaviour during July–August 2013–2021 on the northeast Newfoundland coast. Integrating underwater camera surveys, sediment grabs, and hydroacoustics, sand lance were found associated with fine sediment (0.5–4 mm) that were < 11˚C (typically ~ 2˚C). Acoustic sand lance biomass in the water column tended to decline between the morning (09:00 Newfoundland Daylight Time, NDT) and late evening (23:00 NDT), while fish densities in sediment grabs peaked during the evening (~ 19:00 NDT) when buried fish more commonly had non-empty stomachs. Findings suggest that sand lance primarily fed in the water column during the day and burrowed in the evening once stomachs were full. Diel patterns were size-dependent, with a higher proportion of larger sand lance (≥ 150 mm) caught in sediments throughout the night, when smaller sand lance (< 150 mm) were absent from sediments. Overall, sand lance species in the Northwest Atlantic appear to exhibit similar habitat requirements and diel patterns to those in other regions.

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纽芬兰沿海沙矛（Ammodytes spp）的栖息地特征和日间模式

摘要鱼类根据许多非生物和生物因素选择栖息地，有些鱼种因形态特征而对栖息地的要求较低。沙矛（Ammodytes）属鱼类是小型中上层觅食鱼类，它们没有鳔，在不积极摄食时会钻入沙质底层，以避免被捕食并减少能量消耗。太平洋和东北大西洋的沙矛物种在水体摄食和钻洞方面表现出昼夜变化，但西北大西洋物种的昼夜模式仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查 2013 年 7 月至 2021 年 8 月期间纽芬兰东北海岸的沙矛栖息地特征和昼夜行为。通过整合水下照相机调查、沉积物抓取和水声学，发现沙矛与温度为 11˚C 的细沉积物（0.5-4 毫米）有关（通常为 2˚C）。水体中的声学沙矛生物量在上午（纽芬兰夏令时间 9:00）和傍晚（纽芬兰夏令时间 23:00）之间呈下降趋势，而沉积物抓斗中的鱼类密度在傍晚（约纽芬兰夏令时间 19:00）达到峰值，此时被掩埋的鱼类通常没有空胃。研究结果表明，沙蜥白天主要在水体中觅食，傍晚胃部饱满后便开始钻洞。昼夜模式与体型有关，整夜在沉积物中捕获的较大型沙蜥（≥ 150 mm）比例较高，而较小的沙蜥（< 150 mm）则不在沉积物中。总体而言，西北大西洋的沙矛物种似乎表现出与其他地区相似的生境要求和昼夜模式。

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来源期刊

Environmental Biology of Fishes 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

14.30%

发文量

169

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Biology of Fishes is an international journal that publishes original studies on the ecology, life history, epigenetics, behavior, physiology, morphology, systematics and evolution of marine and freshwater fishes. Empirical and theoretical papers are published that deal with the relationship between fishes and their external and internal environment, whether natural or unnatural. The journal concentrates on papers that advance the scholarly understanding of life and draw on a variety of disciplines in reaching this understanding. Environmental Biology of Fishes publishes original papers, review papers, brief communications, editorials, book reviews and special issues. Descriptions and submission requirements of these article types can be found in the Instructions for Authors.