Human cytomegalovirus seropositivity and its influence on oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity: a specific concern for HIV-exposed-uninfected infants.

IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI:10.1093/cei/uxae029
Natasha Laban, Samuel Bosomprah, Roma Chilengi, Michelo Simuyandi, Caroline Chisenga, Harriet Ng'ombe, Kalo Musukuma-Chifulo, Martin Goodier
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Abstract

Oral rotavirus vaccines demonstrate diminished immunogenicity in low-income settings where human cytomegalovirus infection is acquired early in childhood and modulates immunity. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus infection around the time of vaccination may influence immunogenicity. We measured plasma human cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in rotavirus vaccinated infants from 6 weeks to 12 months old and compared rotavirus immunoglobulin A antibody titers between human cytomegalovirus seropositive and seronegative infants. There was no evidence of an association between human cytomegalovirus serostatus at 9 months and rotavirus-specific antibody titers at 12 months (geometric mean ratio 1.01, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.45; P = 0.976) or fold-increase in RV-IgA titer between 9 and 12 months (risk ratio 0.999, 95%CI: 0.66, 1.52; P = 0.995) overall. However, HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seropositive for human cytomegalovirus at 9 months old had a 63% reduction in rotavirus antibody geometric mean titers at 12 months compared to HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seronegative for human cytomegalovirus (geometric mean ratio 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.77; P = 0.008). While the broader implications of human cytomegalovirus infections on oral rotavirus vaccine response might be limited in the general infant population, the potential impact in the HIV-exposed-uninfected infants cannot be overlooked. This study highlights the complexity of immunological responses and the need for targeted interventions to ensure oral rotavirus vaccine efficacy, especially in vulnerable subpopulations.

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人类巨细胞病毒血清阳性及其对口服轮状病毒疫苗免疫原性的影响:特别关注暴露于艾滋病毒的未感染婴儿。
在低收入环境中,口服轮状病毒疫苗的免疫原性会降低,而在这些环境中,人类巨细胞病毒感染会在儿童早期出现并影响免疫力。我们假设,接种疫苗前后的人类巨细胞病毒感染可能会影响免疫原性。我们测量了接种轮状病毒疫苗的 6 周至 12 个月大婴儿的血浆人类巨细胞病毒特异性免疫球蛋白 M 抗体,并比较了人类巨细胞病毒血清阳性婴儿和血清阴性婴儿的轮状病毒免疫球蛋白 A 抗体滴度。总体而言,没有证据表明 9 个月时的人类巨细胞病毒血清状态与 12 个月时的轮状病毒特异性抗体滴度之间存在关联(几何平均比为 1.01,95%CI:0.70,1.45;p=0.976),也没有证据表明 9 至 12 个月期间 RV-IgA 滴度的倍数增加(风险比为 0.999,95%CI:0.66,1.52;p=0.995)。然而,与人类巨细胞病毒血清阴性的未感染艾滋病毒的婴儿相比,9 个月大时人类巨细胞病毒血清阳性的未感染艾滋病毒的婴儿在 12 个月时的轮状病毒抗体几何平均滴度降低了 63%(几何平均比为 0.37,95%CI:0.17,0.77;p=0.008)。虽然人类巨细胞病毒感染对一般婴儿口服轮状病毒疫苗反应的广泛影响可能有限,但对暴露于艾滋病毒的未感染婴儿的潜在影响不容忽视。这项研究凸显了免疫反应的复杂性,以及为确保口服轮状病毒疫苗疗效而采取针对性干预措施的必要性,尤其是在易感人群中。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
2.20%
发文量
101
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical & Experimental Immunology (established in 1966) is an authoritative international journal publishing high-quality research studies in translational and clinical immunology that have the potential to transform our understanding of the immunopathology of human disease and/or change clinical practice. The journal is focused on translational and clinical immunology and is among the foremost journals in this field, attracting high-quality papers from across the world. Translation is viewed as a process of applying ideas, insights and discoveries generated through scientific studies to the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of human disease. Clinical immunology has evolved as a field to encompass the application of state-of-the-art technologies such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics and high-dimensional phenotyping to understand mechanisms that govern the outcomes of clinical trials.
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