Nitrogen Management for Optimum Potato Yields and Low Environmental Impact in Northwest China

IF 2.3 3区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Potato Research Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI:10.1007/s11540-024-09715-2

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Abstract

Understanding the changes in nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) content in the rooting zone is crucial for reducing nitrate leaching and improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N management strategies on NO₃⁻-N dynamics in the main root zone (0–60 cm) at critical growth stages of drip-irrigated potatoes and to quantify the retention capacity of NO₃⁻-N at harvest in an intensive potato cropping system. Three field experiments with no N application (CK), optimized management (OM) based on a realistic yield goal and soil mineral N content (N_min) and farmer practice (FP) for three potato cultivars were conducted in Inner Mongolia of Northwest China from 2014 to 2016. A total of 52 farmers with over 3000 ha of potato fields were also investigated at harvest. The results showed that OM treatment improved N use efficiency and reduced the environmental risk of N loss while ensuring potato yields compared with FP treatment. Overusing N fertilizer in farmer fields was common, but these N fertilizers only caused a temporary accumulation of NO₃⁻-N during the growing season, then it was reduced to the same level as the optimal treatment at harvest. The NO₃⁻-N retention was about 70 kg ha⁻¹ at harvest in the drip-irrigated potatoes with higher yield, and the data from farmers’ fields confirmed the universality of the NO₃⁻-N retention content. Although retentional NO₃⁻-N content in the main root zone at harvest was similar between FP and OM, obvious accumulation of NO₃⁻-N content was observed during the growing season in FP treatments increasing N loss risk to the environment. The characteristics of soil NO₃⁻-N accumulation in the root zone of drip-irrigated potatoes help to improve management strategies to maximize potato yield while minimizing environmental risks due to N fertilization.

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中国西北地区马铃薯最佳产量和低环境影响的氮素管理

摘要了解根区硝态氮（NO3--N）含量的变化对于减少硝酸盐淋失和提高氮（N）利用效率至关重要。本研究的主要目的是调查滴灌马铃薯关键生长阶段氮管理策略对主要根区（0-60 厘米）NO3--N 动态的影响，并量化马铃薯集约化种植系统收获时 NO3-N 的保留能力。2014 年至 2016 年，在中国西北部的内蒙古对三个马铃薯栽培品种进行了三项田间试验，分别是不施氮（CK）、基于实际产量目标和土壤矿物氮含量的优化管理（OM）和农民实践（FP）。在收获期还对 52 位农民的 3000 多公顷马铃薯田进行了调查。结果表明，与FP处理相比，OM处理提高了氮的利用效率，降低了氮流失的环境风险，同时保证了马铃薯的产量。农民田间过量施用氮肥的现象很普遍，但这些氮肥只是在生长季节造成了暂时的 NO3-N 积累，然后在收获时就会减少到与最佳处理相同的水平。产量较高的滴灌马铃薯收获时的 NO3-N 保存量约为 70 kg ha-1，来自农田的数据证实了 NO3-N 保存量的普遍性。虽然FP和OM在收获时主根区的NO3--N保留含量相似，但在FP处理中，NO3--N含量在生长期明显累积，增加了环境中氮流失的风险。滴灌马铃薯根区土壤NO3--N积累的特点有助于改进管理策略，在最大限度地提高马铃薯产量的同时，最大限度地降低因施用氮肥而造成的环境风险。

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来源期刊

Potato Research AGRONOMY-

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Potato Research, the journal of the European Association for Potato Research (EAPR), promotes the exchange of information on all aspects of this fast-evolving global industry. It offers the latest developments in innovative research to scientists active in potato research. The journal includes authoritative coverage of new scientific developments, publishing original research and review papers on such topics as: Molecular sciences; Breeding; Physiology; Pathology; Nematology; Virology; Agronomy; Engineering and Utilization.