Antifungal and antivirulence effects of Citrus sinensis essential oil on Alternaria pathogens in orange

IF 2.2 4区农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Journal of Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI:10.1007/s42161-024-01638-8

Neda Samandari-Najafabadi, Parissa Taheri, Saeed Tarighi

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Abstract

This research investigated the inhibitory effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from four Citrus sinensis cultivars (Thomson navel, Jaffa sweet, Sanguine blood, and Valencia) against Alternaria spp., a pathogen affecting oranges. Among the cultivars studied, the EO from the Sanguine blood cultivar exhibited the highest antifungal activity when added into the culture medium and it was selected for further investigations. Sanguine blood EO reduced melanin in the fungal hyphae and completely inhibited vegetative growth of Alternaria species at 550–750 μg mL⁻¹ concentrations and inhibited spore germination at 800–1000 μg mL⁻¹ concentrations, which were similar to the fungicide Mancozeb. Separation of cytoplasm from cell wall, hyphal emptying, destruction of cell wall, plasma membrane, organelles such as nucleus and mitochondria, hyphal lysis and cell death were observed in all three fungal species tested. Activities of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the pathogens were significantly reduced in the fungi treated with the EO. Reduction of the disease index was observed in all four cultivars, similar to the effect of fungicide. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed presence of D-limonene, β-myrcene, and β-linalool as the main components of the EO obtained from the Sanguine blood cultivar. In conclusion, the EOs as natural plant protectants could control Alternaria spp. on orange under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

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柑橘精油对橘子中交替孢霉病原体的抗真菌和抗病毒作用

本研究调查了从四个柑橘栽培品种（汤姆森脐橙、雅法甜橙、血橙和瓦伦西亚橙）中提取的精油（EOs）对影响橙子的病原体--交替孢霉属（Alternaria spp.）的抑制作用。在所研究的栽培品种中，来自血橙栽培品种的环氧乙烷在加入培养基后表现出最高的抗真菌活性，因此被选作进一步研究的对象。三阴血环氧乙烷可减少真菌菌丝中的黑色素，在 550-750 μg mL-1 浓度下可完全抑制交替缠枝孢霉的无性生长，在 800-1000 μg mL-1 浓度下可抑制孢子萌发，其效果与杀菌剂 Mancozeb 相似。在测试的三种真菌中都观察到了细胞质与细胞壁分离，菌丝排空，细胞壁、质膜、细胞器（如细胞核和线粒体）破坏，菌丝裂解和细胞死亡。经环氧乙烷处理的真菌中，病原体产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性明显降低。所有四个栽培品种的病害指数都有所下降，与杀真菌剂的效果类似。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，D-柠檬烯、β-月桂烯和β-芳樟醇是 "Sanguine blood "栽培品种环氧乙烷的主要成分。总之，在体外和体内条件下，作为天然植物保护剂的环氧乙烷都能控制柑橘上的交替孢霉属。

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来源期刊

Journal of Plant Pathology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

4.50%

发文量

218

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Plant Pathology (JPP or JPPY) is the main publication of the Italian Society of Plant Pathology (SiPAV), and publishes original contributions in the form of full-length papers, short communications, disease notes, and review articles on mycology, bacteriology, virology, phytoplasmatology, physiological plant pathology, plant-pathogeninteractions, post-harvest diseases, non-infectious diseases, and plant protection. In vivo results are required for plant protection submissions. Varietal trials for disease resistance and gene mapping are not published in the journal unless such findings are already employed in the context of strategic approaches for disease management. However, studies identifying actual genes involved in virulence are pertinent to thescope of the Journal and may be submitted. The journal highlights particularly timely or novel contributions in its Editors’ choice section, to appear at the beginning of each volume. Surveys for diseases or pathogens should be submitted as "Short communications".