Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Dioxide Laser Ablation Combined with Manual Dermabrasion and Intralesional 5-Fluorouracil Injection in Bowen's Disease.

Abstract

Background: Bowen's disease (BD) is a precancerous in-situ squamous cell carcinoma and has a high recurrence rate with any single treatment modality, necessitating combination therapy for a successful outcome.

Aim: This study aimed to the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and intralesional 5-fluorouracil (IL 5-FU) injection as combination therapy for BD.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, observational study comprising 29 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed BD patients with no history of prior treatment. Demographic characteristics and clinical examination of the lesions and regional lymph nodes were retrieved. All patients were subjected to CO₂ laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and IL 5-FU injection.

Results: Mean age was 61.93 ± 9.31 years with male preponderance (62.1%). Trunk (48.3%) was the most frequently involved site. Mean tumor size was 40.8 ± 16.4 mm (range: 15-86 mm). All lesions healed with a cure rate of 96.6%. Complications seen in patients included atrophic scarring with persistent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in three patients (10.3%), secondary infection in two cases (6.9%), and hypertrophic scar with early keloid in one patient (3.4%). Recurrence was reported in one patient (3.4%).

Limitation: The study was limited by retrospective study design, small sample size, and no comparison with standard therapy.

Conclusion: Combination approach using carbon dioxide laser ablation followed by manual dermabrasion and IL 5-FU injection has been proved to be effective, efficient and safe with good functional, oncological and aesthetic outcomes in treating BD.