Hydrolytic genes of antagonistic rhizobacteria strains on Fusarium udum causing wilt disease in pigeonpea

IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES Journal of Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI:10.1007/s42161-024-01641-z
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Abstract

Pigeaonpea is attacked by various diseases, including the wilt disease of pigeonpea caused by Fusarium udum. This disease is a severe pathogen to this crop. This study aims to identify the potential biocontrol agent against wilt disease as a fungicide alternative. Forty-seven isolates were evaluated for antagonistic activity against F. udum by dual culture method. Interaction of F. udum and antagonistic bacteria was studied in potato dextrose agar (PDA) under in vitro conditions and lysis of fungal hyphae was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Dry weight of F. udum mycelium was recorded after 3 days of co-inoculation with the rhizobacteria in PDB. Potential antagonistic bacterial isolates were further used for enzymatic assay in vitro conditions. Molecular characterization of bacteria was done by using primers based on hydrolytic genes like chitinase and 1,3-glucanase related genes, amplified at 402 and 750 bp, respectively. Out of forty-seven bacterial isolates used to assess their antagonistic activity, only eight isolates, viz., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CFLB 31, Bacillus velezensis CFLB 24, Bacillus subtilis CFLB 11, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFLB 26, S. matalophila CFLB 47, Microbacteria sp. CFLB 28, G.nicotiana CFLB 18 and Pseudoarthrobacter sp. CFLB 36 showed the promising antagonistic activity against F. udum with 70–84% inhibition in a dual culture plate assay. Among them, three Bacillus species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. subtilis) and S. maltophilia CFLB 47 were found to be the most effective biocontrol agent against F. udum under in vitro conditions. Lysis of fungal hyphae was also noted during interaction of fungus and bacteria on PDA. These isolates were screened for production of hydrolytic enzymes activities and they showed positive for production of pectinase, protease and cellulase under in vitro conditions. These isolates amplified chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase-related genes at 402 and 750 bp, respectively. In addition, bacterial strains reduced the mycelium weight of F. udum with the range of 58.42 − 86.84% during co-inoculation in PDB. However, B. amyloliquefaciens had the highest percentage of biomass reduction, up to 86.84%. Bacterial treatments are considered beneficial and nature-friendly. The results propose that the eight potential strains and their hydrolytic enzymatic properties made them promise to manage wilt disease of pigeonpea.

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拮抗根瘤菌对鸽子豆枯萎病镰刀菌的水解基因
摘要 鸽子豆受到多种病害的侵袭,其中包括由镰刀菌引起的鸽子豆枯萎病。这种病是鸽子豆的一种严重病原菌。本研究旨在确定潜在的枯萎病生物控制剂,作为杀真菌剂的替代品。通过双重培养法评估了 47 个分离物对 F. udum 的拮抗活性。在离体条件下,在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)中研究了 F. udum 与拮抗细菌的相互作用,并使用扫描电子显微镜观察了真菌菌丝的裂解情况。在 PDB 中与根瘤菌共同接种 3 天后,记录 F. udum 菌丝的干重。潜在的拮抗细菌分离物被进一步用于体外条件下的酶测定。细菌的分子特征描述是通过使用几丁质酶和 1,3-葡聚糖酶相关基因等水解基因的引物完成的,引物分别扩增了 402 和 750 bp。在用于评估其拮抗活性的 47 个细菌分离物中,只有 8 个分离物,即淀粉芽孢杆菌 CFLB 31、韦勒兹芽孢杆菌 CFLB 24、枯草芽孢杆菌 CFLB 11、根瘤嗜血杆菌 CFLB 26、嗜马粪单胞菌 CFLB 47、微小杆菌 CFLB 28、烟草芽孢杆菌 CFLB 18 和假关节杆菌 CFLB 36 在双培养板试验中对 F. udum 表现出良好的拮抗活性,抑制率为 70-84%。在体外条件下,发现三种芽孢杆菌(淀粉芽孢杆菌、维氏芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)和嗜麦芽糖酵母菌 CFLB 47 是对 F. udum 最有效的生物控制剂。真菌和细菌在 PDA 上相互作用时,真菌菌丝也被溶解。对这些分离物进行了水解酶活性筛选,结果表明它们在体外条件下产生果胶酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶的能力呈阳性。这些分离菌株分别扩增了 402 和 750 bp 的几丁质酶和β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶相关基因。此外,细菌菌株在 PDB 中共同接种后,F. udum 的菌丝重量减少了 58.42% - 86.84%。不过,淀粉芽孢杆菌的生物量减少率最高,达 86.84%。细菌处理被认为是有益的、自然友好的。研究结果表明,这八种潜在菌株及其水解酶的特性使它们有望控制鸽子豆枯萎病。
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来源期刊
Journal of Plant Pathology
Journal of Plant Pathology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
4.50%
发文量
218
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Plant Pathology (JPP or JPPY) is the main publication of the Italian Society of Plant Pathology (SiPAV), and publishes original contributions in the form of full-length papers, short communications, disease notes, and review articles on mycology, bacteriology, virology, phytoplasmatology, physiological plant pathology, plant-pathogeninteractions, post-harvest diseases, non-infectious diseases, and plant protection. In vivo results are required for plant protection submissions. Varietal trials for disease resistance and gene mapping are not published in the journal unless such findings are already employed in the context of strategic approaches for disease management. However, studies identifying actual genes involved in virulence are pertinent to thescope of the Journal and may be submitted. The journal highlights particularly timely or novel contributions in its Editors’ choice section, to appear at the beginning of each volume. Surveys for diseases or pathogens should be submitted as "Short communications".
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