Student sociodemographic and school type differences in teacher-predicted vs. achieved grades for university admission

IF 3.6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Higher Education Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI:10.1007/s10734-024-01217-x
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Abstract

In England, students apply to universities using teacher-predicted grades instead of their final end-of-school A-level examination results. Predicted rather than achieved grades therefore determine how ambitiously students apply to and receive offers from the most selective courses. The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) encourages teachers to make optimistic predictions to motivate students to apply ambitiously and achieve higher grades. However, little is known about variations in optimism across students and schools, as well as the mechanisms behind such variations. If certain groups of students or schools are predicted more optimistically than others, this may distort application, offer, and acceptance rates between these groups. Such distortions have the potential to impact efforts to promote wider participation and enhance social mobility. In this study, we use newly linked administrative education data to show predicted grades are differentially optimistic by student sociodemographic and school characteristics. These variations are often substantial and can only be partially explained by differences in students’ prior achievements, the subjects they studied at A-level, the degree subjects they pursue, and their choices of university and courses. We find less educationally advantaged students are in general more rather than less optimistically predicted, although there are two important exceptions to this trend. Once we control for GCSE score and A-level subject, greater optimism is observed in independent schools and among Oxbridge applications. Thus, differential optimism is positively impacting some of the most educationally advantaged students in the country. Our findings contribute to the growing consensus advocating for reforms to the admissions system, including whereby students can continue to revise their course choices until they receive their achieved grades, and universities only make offers after that date.

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大学录取时教师预测成绩与实际成绩的学生社会人口学差异和学校类型差异
摘要 在英国,学生申请大学时使用的是教师预测的成绩,而不是最终的高考成绩。因此,预测成绩而非实际成绩决定了学生申请最热门专业并获得录取的积极性。美国大学及学院招生服务处(UCAS)鼓励教师做出乐观的预测,以激励学生积极申请并取得更高的成绩。然而,人们对不同学生和学校的乐观程度差异以及这种差异背后的机制知之甚少。如果某些学生群体或学校的预测比其他学生群体或学校更乐观,这可能会扭曲这些群体之间的申请率、录取率和录取率。这种扭曲有可能影响促进更广泛参与和提高社会流动性的努力。在本研究中,我们利用新链接的行政教育数据,显示了学生的社会人口和学校特征对成绩预测的不同乐观程度。这些差异往往很大,而且只能通过学生之前的成绩、他们在 A-level 学习的科目、他们攻读的学位科目以及他们对大学和课程的选择等方面的差异来部分解释。我们发现,受教育程度较低的学生的预测结果一般更乐观,而不是更不乐观,但这一趋势有两个重要的例外。一旦我们对 GCSE 分数和 A-level 学科进行了控制,就会发现独立学校和牛津剑桥申请者的乐观程度更高。因此,不同的乐观情绪对国内一些教育条件最优越的学生产生了积极影响。我们的研究结果为越来越多的人达成共识,倡导改革招生制度做出了贡献,其中包括学生可以继续修改他们的课程选择,直到他们获得所取得的成绩,而大学只在该日期之后发放录取通知书。
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来源期刊
Higher Education
Higher Education EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH-
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
12.00%
发文量
160
期刊介绍: Higher Education is recognised as the leading international journal of Higher Education studies, publishing twelve separate numbers each year. Since its establishment in 1972, Higher Education has followed educational developments throughout the world in universities, polytechnics, colleges, and vocational and education institutions. It has actively endeavoured to report on developments in both public and private Higher Education sectors. Contributions have come from leading scholars from different countries while articles have tackled the problems of teachers as well as students, and of planners as well as administrators. While each Higher Education system has its own distinctive features, common problems and issues are shared internationally by researchers, teachers and institutional leaders. Higher Education offers opportunities for exchange of research results, experience and insights, and provides a forum for ongoing discussion between experts. Higher Education publishes authoritative overview articles, comparative studies and analyses of particular problems or issues. All contributions are peer reviewed.
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