Short- and long-term stability of synthetic cathinones and dihydro-metabolites in human urine samples.

IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-30 DOI:10.1007/s11419-024-00684-2
Abdulaziz A Aldubayyan, Erika Castrignanò, Simon Elliott, Vincenzo Abbate
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Abstract

Purpose: Synthetic cathinones constitute the second largest group of new psychoactive substances, which are often used for recreational purposes and reported in toxicological analysis. Various factors may influence the stability of synthetic cathinones between sampling and analysis, and therefore, stability studies are required to determine the best storage conditions as well as extend the period of detection.

Methods: This study involved sixteen synthetic cathinones and ten dihydro-metabolites spiked in human urine to evaluate the stability under common storage conditions to imitate real forensic toxicology samples. The samples were stored at either room temperature (22-23 °C) for up to 3 days, refrigerated (4 °C) for up to 14 days or frozen (-40 °C) for up to 12 months, and analyzed in triplicate using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

Results: Analytes' concentrations decreased over time, although slower when stored frozen. All analytes remained stable (> 80%) for 1 month when stored frozen before losses in content were more apparent for some compounds, depending on their chemical structure. Under all storage conditions, the highest instability was observed for analytes containing halogens (i.e., chlorine or fluorine). Thus, halogenated analytes were further investigated by using liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry to attempt identifying degradation products.

Conclusions: Irrespective of parent analytes, dihydro-metabolites had improved stability at each tested temperature, which highlights their importance as appropriate urine biomarkers when retesting is required after a long period of storage.

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合成卡西酮和二氢代谢物在人体尿样中的短期和长期稳定性。
目的:合成卡西酮是第二大类新型精神活性物质,经常被用于娱乐目的,并在毒理学分析中被报告。从采样到分析期间,各种因素都可能影响合成卡西酮的稳定性,因此需要进行稳定性研究,以确定最佳储存条件并延长检测期:本研究在人体尿液中添加了十六种合成卡西酮和十种二氢代谢物,以评估它们在普通储存条件下的稳定性,从而模仿真实的法医毒理学样本。样品在室温(22-23 °C)下最多储存 3 天,在冷藏(4 °C)下最多储存 14 天,或在冷冻(-40 °C)下最多储存 12 个月,并采用经过验证的液相色谱-串联质谱法对一式三份样品进行分析:结果:分析物的浓度随着时间的推移而下降,但冷冻保存时下降较慢。所有分析物在冷冻保存 1 个月后仍保持稳定(> 80%),某些化合物的含量损失更为明显,这取决于其化学结构。在所有储存条件下,含有卤素(即氯或氟)的分析物的不稳定性最高。因此,我们使用液相色谱法和四重飞行时间质谱法对卤代分析物进行了进一步研究,试图找出降解产物:无论母体分析物如何,二氢代谢物在每个测试温度下的稳定性都有所提高,这突出了它们在长期储存后需要重新测试时作为合适的尿液生物标记物的重要性。
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来源期刊
Forensic Toxicology
Forensic Toxicology TOXICOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
9.10%
发文量
40
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal Forensic Toxicology provides an international forum for publication of studies on toxic substances, drugs of abuse, doping agents, chemical warfare agents, and their metabolisms and analyses, which are related to laws and ethics. It includes original articles, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, and case reports. Although a major focus of the journal is on the development or improvement of analytical methods for the above-mentioned chemicals in human matrices, appropriate studies with animal experiments are also published. Forensic Toxicology is the official publication of the Japanese Association of Forensic Toxicology (JAFT) and is the continuation of the Japanese Journal of Forensic Toxicology (ISSN 0915-9606).
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