Comparing the Impacts of Testosterone and Exercise on Lean Body Mass, Strength and Aerobic Fitness in Aging Men.

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Medicine - Open Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI:10.1186/s40798-024-00703-x
Daniel J Green, Lauren C Chasland, Bu B Yeap, Louise H Naylor
{"title":"Comparing the Impacts of Testosterone and Exercise on Lean Body Mass, Strength and Aerobic Fitness in Aging Men.","authors":"Daniel J Green, Lauren C Chasland, Bu B Yeap, Louise H Naylor","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00703-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on the largely untested premise that it is a restorative hormone that may reverse the detrimental impacts of aging, prescription of testosterone (T) has increased in recent decades despite no new clinical indications. It is apparent that middle-aged and older men with low-normal serum T levels are considering T supplementation as an anti-aging strategy. At the same time, there is evidence that physical activity (PA) is at historical lows in the Western world. In this review, we compare the impacts of T treatment aimed at achieving physiological T concentrations in middle-aged and older men, alongside the impacts of ecologically relevant forms of exercise training. The independent, and possible combined, effects of T and exercise therapy on physiological outcomes such as aerobic fitness, body composition and muscular strength are addressed.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Our findings suggest that both T treatment and exercise improve lean body mass in healthy older men. If improvement in lean body mass is the primary aim, then T treatment could be considered, and the combination of T and exercise may be more beneficial than either in isolation. In terms of muscle strength in older age, an exercise program is likely to be more beneficial than T treatment (where the dose is aimed at achieving physiological concentrations), and the addition of such T treatment does not provide further benefit beyond that of exercise alone. For aerobic fitness, T at doses aimed at achieving physiological concentrations has relatively modest impacts, particularly in comparison to exercise training, and there is limited evidence as to additive effects. Whilst higher doses of T, particularly by intramuscular injection, may have larger impacts on lean body mass and strength, this must be balanced against potential risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowing the impacts of T treatment and exercise on variables such as body composition, strength and aerobic fitness extends our understanding of the relative benefits of physiological and pharmacological interventions in aging men. Our review suggests that T has impacts on strength, body composition and aerobic fitness outcomes that are dependent upon dose, route of administration, and formulation. T treatment aimed at achieving physiological T concentrations in middle-aged and older men can improve lean body mass, whilst exercise training enhances lean body mass, aerobic fitness and strength. Men who are physically able to exercise safely should be encouraged to do so, not only in terms of building lean body mass, strength and aerobic fitness, but for the myriad health benefits that exercise training confers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987448/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sports Medicine - Open","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00703-x","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Based on the largely untested premise that it is a restorative hormone that may reverse the detrimental impacts of aging, prescription of testosterone (T) has increased in recent decades despite no new clinical indications. It is apparent that middle-aged and older men with low-normal serum T levels are considering T supplementation as an anti-aging strategy. At the same time, there is evidence that physical activity (PA) is at historical lows in the Western world. In this review, we compare the impacts of T treatment aimed at achieving physiological T concentrations in middle-aged and older men, alongside the impacts of ecologically relevant forms of exercise training. The independent, and possible combined, effects of T and exercise therapy on physiological outcomes such as aerobic fitness, body composition and muscular strength are addressed.

Main body: Our findings suggest that both T treatment and exercise improve lean body mass in healthy older men. If improvement in lean body mass is the primary aim, then T treatment could be considered, and the combination of T and exercise may be more beneficial than either in isolation. In terms of muscle strength in older age, an exercise program is likely to be more beneficial than T treatment (where the dose is aimed at achieving physiological concentrations), and the addition of such T treatment does not provide further benefit beyond that of exercise alone. For aerobic fitness, T at doses aimed at achieving physiological concentrations has relatively modest impacts, particularly in comparison to exercise training, and there is limited evidence as to additive effects. Whilst higher doses of T, particularly by intramuscular injection, may have larger impacts on lean body mass and strength, this must be balanced against potential risks.

Conclusion: Knowing the impacts of T treatment and exercise on variables such as body composition, strength and aerobic fitness extends our understanding of the relative benefits of physiological and pharmacological interventions in aging men. Our review suggests that T has impacts on strength, body composition and aerobic fitness outcomes that are dependent upon dose, route of administration, and formulation. T treatment aimed at achieving physiological T concentrations in middle-aged and older men can improve lean body mass, whilst exercise training enhances lean body mass, aerobic fitness and strength. Men who are physically able to exercise safely should be encouraged to do so, not only in terms of building lean body mass, strength and aerobic fitness, but for the myriad health benefits that exercise training confers.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
比较睾酮和运动对老年男性瘦体重、力量和有氧健身的影响。
背景:睾酮(T)是一种可逆转衰老不利影响的恢复性荷尔蒙,尽管没有新的临床适应症,但近几十年来睾酮(T)的处方量一直在增加。显然,血清睾酮水平正常偏低的中老年男性正在考虑将补充睾酮作为一种抗衰老策略。与此同时,有证据表明西方国家的体力活动(PA)处于历史最低水平。在这篇综述中,我们比较了以达到中老年男性生理 T 浓度为目的的 T 治疗的影响,以及与生态相关的运动训练形式的影响。本文探讨了热量治疗和运动疗法对有氧健身、身体成分和肌肉力量等生理结果的独立影响以及可能的联合影响:我们的研究结果表明,T 治疗和运动都能改善健康老年男性的瘦体重。如果改善瘦体重是首要目标,那么可以考虑使用热能治疗,热能治疗与运动相结合可能比单独使用其中一种疗法更有益。就老年人的肌肉力量而言,运动计划可能比 T 治疗(T 治疗的剂量旨在达到生理浓度)更有益,而且添加 T 治疗不会带来比单独运动更多的益处。对有氧健身而言,以达到生理浓度为目标的 T 剂量的影响相对较小,尤其是与运动训练相比,而且关于其叠加效应的证据也很有限。虽然更大剂量的 T,尤其是肌肉注射 T,可能会对瘦体重和力量产生更大的影响,但这必须与潜在的风险相平衡:了解 T 治疗和锻炼对身体成分、力量和有氧健身等变量的影响,可以加深我们对生理和药物干预对老年男性的相对益处的理解。我们的研究表明,T 对力量、身体成分和有氧健身效果的影响取决于剂量、给药途径和配方。以达到中老年男性生理 T 浓度为目标的 T 治疗可改善瘦体重,而运动训练可增强瘦体重、有氧健身和力量。应鼓励身体条件允许的男性安全地进行运动,这不仅是为了增加瘦体重、增强力量和有氧健身,也是为了运动训练所带来的各种健康益处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊最新文献
Correction: Sex Differences in Performance and Performance-Determining Factors in the Olympic Winter Endurance Sports. Critical Fluctuations as an Early Warning Signal of Sports Injuries? A Proof of Concept Using Football Monitoring Data. The Use of Extended Reality Technologies in Sport Perceptual-Cognitive Skill Research: A Systematic Scoping Review. Association Between Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Determinants of Middle- and Long-distance Running Performance in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. Sex Differences in Performance and Performance-Determining Factors in the Olympic Winter Endurance Sports.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1