Enhancing urban flood resilience: interdisciplinary integration of climate adaptation, flood control, and land-use planning from 3PA to 4PA

Abstract

Flood risk profoundly impacts the world, threatening human life and property safety. Flood control infrastructure is pivotal in mitigating flooding impacts by reducing flood-prone area frequency, extent, and depth of inundation. However, climate change poses uncertainties that challenge the effectiveness of the existing flood prevention measures. In the current situation, effective urban flood management should involve multiple governing authorities, including water resource management and land-use planning units. Integrating local governments and regulatory bodies is crucial but is often overlooked in regulatory frameworks. This article discusses land restrictions and management strategies and presents suitable suggestions for water resource regulations. Then, this study proposes an extension concept from the Three Points Approach, which identifies technical optimization, spatial planning, and day-to-day value for water management, to the 4PA strategy considering the design for failure concept. This study not only responds well to the future flooding situation under the climate change threats but also presents an adaptation toolkit for urban planning reference. To build resilient cities capable of withstanding climate-induced disasters while sustaining growth, the concept of ‘design for failure’ should be integrated into the urban planning core. This approach aims for sustainable development, emphasizing harmoniously integrating engineering solutions with land-use planning across administrative levels.