RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR WATER SUPPLY: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF AFRICAN AND U.S. INITIATIVES

Abstract

This review paper explores integrating renewable energy into water supply systems as a critical strategy for addressing global challenges such as climate change, energy scarcity, and water security. By comparing initiatives in African countries and the United States, the study highlights the importance of sustainable, efficient, and resilient water supply systems in diverse geographical and socio-economic contexts. The paper examines the technological, financial, policy, and infrastructure challenges and opportunities that influence the adoption of renewable energy in the water sector. It delves into the sustainability and scalability of renewable energy-powered water supply initiatives, assessing their environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The comparative analysis reveals lessons learned, best practices, and potential areas for collaboration between the regions. Future directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for international cooperation, knowledge sharing, and innovation to enhance the integration of renewable energy into water supply systems. The paper concludes by underscoring the pivotal role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development goals, particularly in ensuring access to clean water and energy for all. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Water Supply Systems, Sustainable Development, Comparative Review.