Antioxidant activity, anthocyanin profile, and mineral compositions of colored wheats

Vladamir P. Shamanin, Z. H. Tekin‐Cakmak, S. Karasu, I. Pototskaya, Elena I. Gordeeva, Artem O. Verner, A. Morgounov, Mustafa Yaman, Osman Sagdic, H. Koksel
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Abstract

The antioxidant activities (ABTS and CUPRAC) of 40 different colored wheat genotypes were investigated, and some of the diverse wheat genotypes were selected to investigate their anthocyanin profiles and mineral compositions. The ABTS values of free and bound fractions were in the range of 15.61-157.36 mg TE/100 g and 33.26-189.48 mg TE/100 g, respectively. For the free and bound fractions of the colored wheat samples, the CUPRAC values were determined between 25.73 and 229.20 mg TE/100 g, and between 82.00 and 348.93 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The anthocyanin profiles of the colored wheats varied depending on the genotypes. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride was abundant in the samples w3, w8, w17, w18 and w20 while malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride was the major anthocyanin for the samples w13, w23, w14, w30 and w34. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride was significantly higher in w18 than others (p<0.05). Cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside was only found in the free extracts of the two samples (w17 and w20). The best accessions with high antioxidant activity and anthocyanin profile were identified for their potential utilization in wheat breeding programs. According to the results, the w17 sample (line BW 49880–Dark colored P, F4) was chosen as the best sample due to its highest antioxidant activity (p<0.05) and the best anthocyanin profile. The macronutrients Ca, K, and Mg highly varied among the genotypes studied. The trace elements, Zn and Fe were significantly higher in purple-grained lines than that of the red-grained variety. The study’s outcomes are likely to support breeding programs to generate new wheat cultivars with greater nutritional benefits.
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彩色小麦的抗氧化活性、花青素特征和矿物质成分
研究了 40 种不同彩色小麦基因型的抗氧化活性(ABTS 和 CUPRAC),并选择了其中一些不同的小麦基因型来研究它们的花青素特征和矿物质成分。游离和结合馏分的 ABTS 值范围分别为 15.61-157.36 mg TE/100 g 和 33.26-189.48 mg TE/100 g。有色小麦样品的游离和结合馏分的 CUPRAC 值分别为 25.73 至 229.20 毫克 TE/100 克和 82.00 至 348.93 毫克 TE/100 克。彩色小麦的花青素含量因基因型而异。在 w3、w8、w17、w18 和 w20 样品中,氯化花青素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量丰富,而在 w13、w23、w14、w30 和 w34 样品中,氯化麦绿素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是主要的花青素。w18 中的氯化花青素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量明显高于其他样品(p<0.05)。只有在两个样品(w17 和 w20)的游离提取物中发现了花青素-3,5-二-O-葡萄糖苷。研究人员确定了具有高抗氧化活性和花青素特征的最佳品种,以便在小麦育种计划中加以利用。结果显示,w17 样本(品系 BW 49880-深色 P,F4)因其最高的抗氧化活性(p<0.05)和最好的花青素特征而被选为最佳样本。在所研究的基因型中,钙、钾和镁的含量差异很大。微量元素锌和铁在紫粒品系中的含量明显高于红粒品种。这项研究的结果很可能会为育种计划提供支持,从而培育出营养价值更高的新小麦品种。
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