Occurrence, dietary exposure and risk assessment to aflatoxins in red pepper flakes from Southeast of Türkiye

Hayrunnisa Özlü
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Abstract

Aflatoxins contamination of foods is a global issue that severely threatens human health. This study aimed to measure total aflatoxin (AF) (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2)) levels in red pepper flakes samples and to evaluate the potential dietary exposure and cancer risk to aflatoxin in the southeast of Türkiye. A total of 90 red pepper flake samples were collected from local markets Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, and Hatay provinces, Türkiye. Total AF in red pepper flakes was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Then, the margin of exposure (MOE) and cancer risk were calculated. AFB1 and total AF were detected in red pepper flake samples at 98.89% and 100%, respectively. The number of red pepper flake samples exceeded the legislation limits for AFB1 was four, and there was only one sample for total AF. It was determined that AFB1 exposure could pose a risk to public health for Turkish adults (MOE < 10,000). Although AF exposure seems to be higher due to the high consumption of red pepper flakes in some regions of Türkiye, the risk of exposure and cancer may decrease because of complying with the recommendations of the dietary guidelines. The findings provide new insights into exposure to total AF by consuming red pepper flakes.
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土尔其东南部红辣椒片中黄曲霉毒素的发生、膳食暴露和风险评估
食品中的黄曲霉毒素污染是一个严重威胁人类健康的全球性问题。本研究旨在检测土耳其东南部地区红辣椒片样品中黄曲霉毒素(AF)(黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素 B2 (AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素 G1 (AFG1)和黄曲霉毒素 G2 (AFG2))的总含量,并评估从膳食中摄入黄曲霉毒素的潜在风险和致癌风险。研究人员从土耳其加济安泰普省、桑勒乌尔法省和哈塔伊省的当地市场共采集了90份红辣椒片样品。采用带荧光检测器(HPLC-FLD)的高效液相色谱法测定了红辣椒片中的总砷化镓。然后,计算了暴露限值(MOE)和癌症风险。红辣椒片样品中 AFB1 和总 AF 的检出率分别为 98.89% 和 100%。AFB1 超标的红辣椒片样本有 4 个,总 AF 超标的样本只有 1 个。经判定,土耳其成年人接触 AFB1 可能会对公众健康构成风险(暴露限值 < 10,000)。尽管由于土耳其某些地区大量食用红辣椒片,因此暴露于甲胎蛋白的风险似乎较高,但由于遵守了膳食指南的建议,暴露于甲胎蛋白和癌症的风险可能会降低。这些研究结果为了解食用红辣椒片暴露于总苯并呋喃的情况提供了新的视角。
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