Immunological Challenges in Infants Living with HIV: A Review

Abstract

This paper explores the intricate immunological challenges encountered by infants living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The vulnerability of the developing immune system in early life, coupled with the unique characteristics of HIV, presents a complex scenario that impacts the health and well-being of these infants. Key areas of focus include the disruption of immune system development, viral persistence mechanisms, consequences of chronic immune activation, and the increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The paper also discusses current therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the significance of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and emerging strategies aimed at improving immunological outcomes. Insights into the maternal-fetal interface and preventive measures are explored, providing a holistic perspective on addressing the challenges faced by infants born with HIV. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the immunological landscape in this vulnerable population and guide future research and interventions for enhanced patient care.