Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia hypoleuca Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory, and Synergistic Effects of Selected Components

IF 17.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI:10.5812/jjnpp-143185

Masoud Ebrahimi, Houra Jazayeri Gharehbagh, Farid Dabaghian, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Sedigheh Khademian, Mina Saeedi, Mohsen Amini, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, M. Khanavi

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Abstract

Background: Salvia is one of the most important genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family that has been used in various applications in folk medicine and the pharmaceutical and food industries. Objectives: This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand. and Salvia hypoleuca Benth. essential oils (EOs). Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory activity of the mixture of compounds was evaluated to find whether the synergistic effect is responsible for the desired activity or not. Methods: The constituents of S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs collected from Fars and Alborz provinces, Iran, were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. They were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by the determination of para-nitrophenol (pNP), derived from the enzymatic degradation of para-nitrophenol-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate. The activity of the selected components was also tested. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of EOs was evaluated based on the radical scavenging capability (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) assay, and their total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Results: In total, 66 compounds were detected in the S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs. The results showed that S. mirzayanii EO had more potent antioxidant activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.77 ± 0.00 mg/mL), higher TPC (78.26 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g EO), and a greater inhibitory effect toward α-glucosidase (IC50 = 55.15 ± 1.60 mg/mL) than S. hypoleuca EO. Furthermore, caryophyllene oxide (IC50 = 19.94 ± 0.26 mg/mL), α-pinene (IC50 = 17.59 ± 0.19 mg/mL), and linalool (IC50 = 38.00 ± 0.22 mg/mL) showed high levels of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among the major constituents. In addition, the combination of linalool: 1,8-cineole: α-terpineol (40: 35: 25) inhibited this enzyme synergistically (combination index [CI] < 1). Conclusions: The findings indicated that S. mirzayanii EO had a high potential for developing efficient anti-type 2 diabetes agents.

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丹参和丹参精油：化学成分、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用和部分成分的协同作用

背景：丹参是唇形科最重要的属之一，在民间医药、制药和食品工业中有多种用途。研究目的本研究调查了 Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand.和 Salvia hypoleuca Benth.精油（EOs）的化学成分、抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。此外，还对混合化合物的酶抑制活性进行了评估，以确定协同效应是否是产生预期活性的原因。研究方法采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析法测定了从伊朗法尔斯省和阿尔博尔兹省采集的 S. mirzayanii 和 S. hypoleuca 多元芳香烃的成分。以对硝基苯酚（pNP）为底物，测定对硝基苯酚-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（pNPG）酶降解产生的对硝基苯酚（pNP），从而评估它们的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。同时还测试了所选成分的活性。此外，还根据自由基清除能力（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼 [DPPH]）测定法评估了 EO 的抗氧化活性，并采用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法以没食子酸当量（GAE）测定了 EO 的总酚含量（TPC）。结果：在 S. mirzayanii 和 S. hypoleuca 的环氧乙烷中总共检测到 66 种化合物。结果表明，与 S. hypoleuca 环氧乙烷相比，S. mirzayanii 环氧乙烷具有更强的抗氧化活性（半最大抑制浓度 [IC50] = 0.77 ± 0.00 mg/mL）、更高的 TPC（78.26 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g环氧乙烷）和更强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用（IC50 = 55.15 ± 1.60 mg/mL）。此外，在主要成分中，氧化香叶醇（IC50 = 19.94 ± 0.26 mg/mL）、α-蒎烯（IC50 = 17.59 ± 0.19 mg/mL）和芳樟醇（IC50 = 38.00 ± 0.22 mg/mL）显示出较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。此外，芳樟醇1,8-蒎烯：α-松油醇（40：35：25）的组合能协同抑制这种酶（组合指数 [CI] < 1）。结论研究结果表明，S. mirzayanii 环氧乙烷具有开发高效抗 2 型糖尿病药物的巨大潜力。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.