Low-Density Urbanisation: Prestate Settlement Growth in a Pacific Society

IF 3.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1007/s10816-024-09647-8
Phillip Parton, Geoffrey Clark
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Abstract

The recognition of low-density urbanisation has been important in documenting how diverse human settlements generated enduring social and economic change. In tropical regions, the key challenges to studying low-density urbanisation have been the difficulty in acquiring past built environment data and integrating the frameworks that illuminate the social behaviours intrinsic to urbanisation. The introduction of lidar mapping and urban science methods has proven revolutionary in our understanding of low-density urbanisation as demonstrated by emerging research on settlements and states in Mesoamerica and Southeast Asia. These studies draw on urban theory to highlight patterns in the built environment associated with profound societal changes including the rise of social institutions, agglomeration effects, and ongoing settlement growth. Here, we present an approach that combines lidar survey and archaeological fieldwork with recent developments in urban science to understand the built environment of Tongatapu; the location of an archaic state whose influence spread across the southwest Pacific Ocean between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries a.d. Quantitative results show—for the first time—that settlements on a Pacific island were urbanised in a distinct low-density form and that the processes of urbanisation began prior to state development. This study highlights the potential contribution of Pacific landscapes to urban science and the low-density settlement phenomena given the presence of large populations, hierarchical societies, and vast distributions of archaeological built remains on many island groups.

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低密度城市化:太平洋社会中的州定居增长
对低密度城市化的认识对于记录多样化的人类住区如何产生持久的社会和经济变化非常重要。在热带地区,研究低密度城市化的主要挑战是难以获得过去的建筑环境数据,也难以整合阐明城市化内在社会行为的框架。事实证明,激光雷达测绘和城市科学方法的引入对我们理解低密度城市化具有革命性的意义,中美洲和东南亚新兴的居住区和国家研究就证明了这一点。这些研究借鉴了城市理论,强调了与深刻社会变革相关的建筑环境模式,包括社会机构的兴起、聚集效应和持续的定居点增长。在这里,我们提出了一种方法,将激光雷达调查和考古实地工作与城市科学的最新发展结合起来,以了解汤加塔布的建筑环境;汤加塔布是一个古国的所在地,其影响力在公元 13 世纪到 19 世纪之间遍及西南太平洋。定量研究结果首次表明,太平洋岛屿上的定居点是以一种独特的低密度形式城市化的,而且城市化进程始于国家发展之前。这项研究强调了太平洋地貌对城市科学和低密度聚落现象的潜在贡献,因为在许多岛屿群中都存在大量人口、等级社会和分布广泛的考古建筑遗迹。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.70%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, the leading journal in its field,  presents original articles that address method- or theory-focused issues of current archaeological interest and represent significant explorations on the cutting edge of the discipline.   The journal also welcomes topical syntheses that critically assess and integrate research on a specific subject in archaeological method or theory, as well as examinations of the history of archaeology.    Written by experts, the articles benefit an international audience of archaeologists, students of archaeology, and practitioners of closely related disciplines.  Specific topics covered in recent issues include:  the use of nitche construction theory in archaeology,  new developments in the use of soil chemistry in archaeological interpretation, and a model for the prehistoric development of clothing.  The Journal''s distinguished Editorial Board includes archaeologists with worldwide archaeological knowledge (the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Africa), and expertise in a wide range of methodological and theoretical issues.  Rated ''A'' in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory is rated ''A'' in the ERIH, a new reference index that aims to help evenly access the scientific quality of Humanities research output. For more information visit: http://www.esf.org/research-areas/humanities/activities/research-infrastructures.html Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list_dev.htm
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