Summer Mule Deer Use of Annual Grass Herbicide-Treated Plots

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Rangeland Ecology & Management Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2024.03.006
Trenton D. Gianella, Dana M. Sanchez
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Abstract

Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have declined steadily across their geographic range due to a multitude of factors including habitat degradation associated with the encroachment of invasive annual grasses including cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), and North Africa grass (Ventenata dubia). These grasses can drive changes in vegetation composition that significantly reduce the quantity and quality of summer mule deer forage. Application of annual grass selective herbicides is a management tool being used in efforts to restore invaded grasslands. We assessed the effect of an imazapic application on mule deer use, home range size, and proportional overlap with treatment areas. We evaluated differences in summer (June−August) use between fifteen 8-ha paired control and treatment plots, comparing responses among pretreatment, 1 yr post treatment, and 2 yr post treatment. Results from tests were statistically insignificant but suggest a weak positive response by mule deer to imazapic-treated areas. Proportional use of treatment plots in the first summer post treatment was 4.4% higher than use of control plots and was greater than pretreatment use of the same plots. In the second summer post application, use of treatment plots decreased and returned to pretreatment levels. Mule deer increased use of treatment plots in alignment with improvements in crude protein and digestible energy content of forage. As annual grasses began reinvading and nutritional quality of forage was no longer higher than the control, use of treatment plots declined and returned to pretreatment levels.

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夏季骡鹿使用经除草剂处理过的一年生草地的情况
骡鹿(Odocoileus hemionus)种群数量在其地理分布范围内持续下降,其原因是多方面的,包括与入侵一年生草类(包括欺骗草(Bromus tectorum)、medusahead(Taeniatherum caput-medusae)和北非草(Ventenata dubia))的侵袭有关的栖息地退化。这些草会导致植被组成发生变化,从而大大降低夏季骡鹿饲料的数量和质量。施用一年生草类选择性除草剂是恢复受入侵草地的一种管理工具。我们评估了施用咪草烟对骡鹿的使用、家园范围大小以及与处理区域重叠比例的影响。我们评估了 15 个 8 公顷配对对照地块和处理地块之间夏季(6 月至 8 月)的使用差异,比较了处理前、处理后 1 年和处理后 2 年的反应。测试结果在统计上并不显著,但表明骡鹿对咪草烟处理过的区域有微弱的积极反应。在施药后的第一个夏季,施药地块的使用比例比对照地块高出 4.4%,并且高于施药前相同地块的使用比例。施药后的第二个夏季,处理地块的使用率有所下降,并恢复到施药前的水平。骡鹿增加了对处理地块的使用,这与草料粗蛋白和可消化能量含量的提高是一致的。随着一年生牧草开始恢复生长,牧草的营养质量不再高于对照组,处理地块的使用率下降,并恢复到施药前的水平。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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