Association between Resting Heart Rate and Machine Learning-Based Brain Age in Middle- and Older-Age

J. Wang, H. Huang, W. Yang, A. Dove, Xiangyu Ma, Weili Xu
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Abstract

Background

Resting heart rate (RHR), has been related to increased risk of dementia, but the relationship between RHR and brain age is unclear.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the association of RHR with brain age and brain age gap (BAG, the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age) assessed by multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in mid- and old-aged adults.

Design

A longitudinal study from the UK Biobank neuroimaging project where participants underwent brain MRI scans 9+ years after baseline.

Setting

A population-based study.

Participants

A total of 33,381 individuals (mean age 54.74 ± 7.49 years; 53.44% female).

Measurements

Baseline RHR was assessed by blood pressure monitor and categorized as <60, 60–69 (reference), 70–79, or ≥80 beats per minute (bpm). Brain age was predicted using LASSO through 1,079 phenotypes in six MRI modalities (including T1-weighted MRI, T2-FLAIR, T2*, diffusion-MRI, task fMRI, and resting-state fMRI). Data were analyzed using linear regression models.

Results

As a continuous variable, higher RHR was associated with older brain age (β for per 1-SD increase: 0.331, 95% [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.265, 0.398) and larger BAG (β: 0.263, 95% CI: 0.202, 0.324). As a categorical variable, RHR 70–79 bpm and RHR ≥80 bpm were associated with older brain age (β [95% CI]: 0.361 [0.196, 0.526] / 0.737 [0.517, 0.957]) and larger BAG (0.256 [0.105, 0.407] / 0.638 [0.436, 0.839]), but RHR< 60 bpm with younger brain age (−0.324 [−0.500, −0.147]) and smaller BAG (−0.230 [−0.392, −0.067]), compared to the reference group. These associations between elevated RHR and brain age were similar in both middle-aged (<60) and older (≥60) adults, whereas the association of RHR< 60 bpm with younger brain age and larger BAG was only significant among middle-aged adults. In stratification analysis, the association between RHR ≥80 bpm and older brain age was present in people with and without CVDs, while the relation of RHR 70–79 bpm to brain age present only in people with CVD.

Conclusion

Higher RHR (>80 bpm) is associated with older brain age, even among middle-aged adults, but RHR< 60 bpm is associated with younger brain age. Greater RHR could be an indicator for accelerated brain aging.

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静息心率与基于机器学习的中老年脑年龄之间的关系
背景巢式心率(RHR)与痴呆症风险的增加有关,但 RHR 与脑年龄之间的关系尚不清楚。目的我们旨在调查 RHR 与中老年人的脑年龄以及通过多模态磁共振成像(MRI)评估的脑年龄差距(BAG,预测脑年龄与实际年龄之间的差异)之间的关系。设计英国生物库神经影像学项目的一项纵向研究,参与者在基线后 9 年以上接受脑部核磁共振成像扫描。通过六种核磁共振成像模式(包括 T1 加权核磁共振成像、T2-FLAIR、T2*、弥散核磁共振成像、任务核磁共振成像和静息状态核磁共振成像)中的 1079 种表型,使用 LASSO 预测大脑年龄。结果 作为一个连续变量,较高的 RHR 与较老的脑年龄相关(每增加 1-SD β:0.331,95% [95%置信区间,CI]:0.265,0.398)和更大的 BAG(β:0.263,95% 置信区间:0.202,0.324)。作为一个分类变量,RHR 70-79 bpm 和 RHR≥80 bpm 与脑年龄较大(β [95% CI]: 0.361 [0.196, 0.526] / 0.737 [0.517, 0.957])和 BAG 较大(0.256 [0.105, 0.407]/0.638[0.436,0.839]),但与参照组相比,RHR< 60 bpm 与较年轻的脑年龄(-0.324 [-0.500,-0.147])和较小的 BAG(-0.230 [-0.392,-0.067])有关。在中年(60 岁)和老年(≥60 岁)成人中,RHR 升高与脑年龄之间的关系相似,而 RHR< 60 bpm 与脑年龄较小和 BAG 较大之间的关系仅在中年成人中显著。在分层分析中,RHR≥80 bpm 与年龄较大的脑年龄之间的关系在患有和未患有心血管疾病的人群中均存在,而 RHR 70-79 bpm 与脑年龄之间的关系仅在患有心血管疾病的人群中存在。更高的 RHR 可能是大脑加速衰老的指标。
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来源期刊
The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Medicine-Psychiatry and Mental Health
CiteScore
9.20
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0.00%
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期刊介绍: The JPAD Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’Disease will publish reviews, original research articles and short reports to improve our knowledge in the field of Alzheimer prevention including: neurosciences, biomarkers, imaging, epidemiology, public health, physical cognitive exercise, nutrition, risk and protective factors, drug development, trials design, and heath economic outcomes.JPAD will publish also the meeting abstracts from Clinical Trial on Alzheimer Disease (CTAD) and will be distributed both in paper and online version worldwide.We hope that JPAD with your contribution will play a role in the development of Alzheimer prevention.
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