Alien Dendroflora of Almaty Oblast and Assessment of Its Invasiveness

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1134/s2075111724010077

I. V. Khusainova, G. T. Sitpaeva, I. V. Babay, V. A. Masalova, S. V. Nabieva, A. Abduchadir, N. E. Zverev, V. G. Epiktetov

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Abstract

The article presents results of studying the distribution of alien species on the territory of six districts of Zhetysu oblast, located in the Southeastern Kazakhstan. The data obtained will make it possible to summarize up-to-date information about the state of ecosystems with invasive plant species, predict their further spread, and develop a strategy to control them. The objects of research were natural ecosystems of Zhetysu oblast, confined to the Balkhash-Alakol and Zhongar-Alatau floristic districts. To identify alien species, monitoring sites were laid with the calculation of native species, introduced species, the species prone to naturalization, and those with self-seeding. The aggressiveness of naturalized species was assessed according to a modernized scale developed at the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Committee of Forestry and Wildlife, Ministry of Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The territory under study includes two State National Nature Parks and a State Nature Reserve. Eighty-one alien species of woody plants have been identified within settlements and adjacent territories. Some of them are included in the cultivated flora, which do not show a tendency to naturalization in the region. Seventeen species of alien woody plants have been identified in natural ecosystems, which have the potential for naturalization with a high propensity for seed and vegetative reproduction. The percentage of sites with the presence of invasive species varies from 61 to 91%. The highest aggressiveness score (6–8) was assigned to six species: Acer negundo L., Ulmus pumila L., Quercus robur L., Prunus × domestica, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ulmus laevis Pall.. Despite the fact that, in the Alakol and Sarkand districts, most of the territory falls within the dry-steppe and semidesert zones, only 8.6% of sites without types of invasive fraction were noted, owing to widespread dispersion of particularly aggressive “edificators”: A. negundo, U. pumila, etc. All identified species mesophytic by their nature in the secondary range show themselves highly adaptive, plastic, and competitive in xerophytic conditions.

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阿拉木图州的外来树种及其入侵评估

摘要本文介绍了对外来物种在哈萨克斯坦东南部泽提苏州六个区境内分布情况的研究结果。所获得的数据将有助于总结关于入侵植物物种生态系统状况的最新信息，预测其进一步扩散，并制定控制策略。研究对象是哲苏州的自然生态系统，仅限于巴尔喀什-阿拉科尔和中尔-阿拉套花卉区。为了识别外来物种，在监测点布置了计算本地物种、引进物种、易归化物种和自播物种的表格。根据哈萨克斯坦共和国生态、地质和自然资源部林业和野生动物委员会植物学和植物引进研究所制定的现代化量表，对归化物种的攻击性进行了评估。研究范围包括两个国家自然公园和一个国家自然保护区。在居民点和邻近地区发现了 81 种外来木本植物。其中一些属于栽培植物群，在该地区没有表现出归化趋势。在自然生态系统中发现了 17 种外来木本植物，它们具有归化潜力，种子和无性繁殖能力很强。存在外来入侵物种的地点比例从 61% 到 91% 不等。六个物种的侵略性得分最高（6-8 分）：Acer negundo L.、Ulmus pumila L.、Quercus robur L.、Prunus × domestica、Fraxinus pennsylvanica、Ulmus laevis Pall。尽管在阿拉库勒和萨尔坎德地区，大部分地区都属于干旱草原和半荒漠地带，但只有 8.6% 的地点没有发现入侵部分，原因是特别具有侵略性的 "建筑者 "广泛散布：A. negundo、U. pumila 等。所有已确定的次生中生物种在干旱条件下都具有很强的适应性、可塑性和竞争力。

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