Environmental Effects on Nocturnal Encounters of Two Sympatric Bushbabies, Galago moholi and Otolemur crassicaudatus, in a High-Altitude South African Northern Mistbelt Montane Habitat

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY International Journal of Primatology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI:10.1007/s10764-024-00427-5
Michelle L. Sauther, James B. Millette, Frank P. Cuozzo, Channen Long, Vümboni Harry Msimango, Laetitia Confuron
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Abstract

Temperate living primates cope with a variety of environmental stressors, which may vary by body mass. We studied two sympatric galagos, the thick-tailed greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus (1.5 kg) and the southern lesser galago, Galago moholi (146 g), living in a South African northern mistbelt forest. We used 75 nightly encounter walks using thermal imaging from July 2017 to June 2018 to locate galagos (245 thick-tailed greater galago encounters, 207 southern lesser galago encounters). For each species’ encounters we documented survey location, growing season, insect and gum availability, ambient temperature, temperature season, rainfall, humidity, night length, hour, moon phase and fraction of moon illumination. We encountered the southern lesser galago at both cooler and warmer temperatures, later in the night, and more often during greater lunar illumination, e.g., they were lunarphilic. We had few encounters of the thick-tailed greater galago during very cold and very warm temperatures, more encounters earlier in the night, and more encounters during periods of low lunar illumination, e.g., they were lunarphobic. Our results can be understood in terms of body mass differences. A smaller body mass requires greater and more consistent energy, meaning the southern lesser galago needs to both maintain energy needs across different temperature regimes and to forage more extensively later in the night to attain enough food to support them throughout the following day. The thick-tailed greater galago’s larger body mass may buffer them during colder periods and allow them to forage earlier in the night. Being either lunarphobic or lunarphilic may relate to activity patterns of their predators. The southern lesser galago are visually oriented insect predators and being lunarphilic may facilitate both predator detection and enhance successful insect predation. Understanding how body mass may facilitate or hinder physiological and behavioral responses to environmental stressors is thus relevant to understanding species’ resilience to climate change.

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环境对南非北部高海拔迷雾带山地栖息地两只同栖布什熊(Galago moholi 和 Otolemur crassicaudatus)夜间相遇的影响
温带生活的灵长类动物要应对各种环境压力,这些压力可能因体重而异。我们研究了生活在南非北部迷雾带森林中的两种同域加拉哥,一种是厚尾大加拉哥(Otolemur crassicaudatus,1.5 千克),另一种是南部小加拉哥(Galago moholi,146 克)。从 2017 年 7 月到 2018 年 6 月,我们利用热成像技术进行了 75 次夜间邂逅行走,以确定加拉戈的位置(邂逅厚尾大加拉戈 245 次,邂逅南小加拉戈 207 次)。对于每个物种的遭遇,我们都记录了调查地点、生长季节、昆虫和树胶的可用性、环境温度、温度季节、降雨量、湿度、夜长、小时、月相和月照比例。我们在温度较低和较高的夜晚都遇到过南方小蚬子,而且更经常是在月光较强的时候,例如,它们嗜月。我们在极冷和极热的气温下很少遇到厚尾大加拉果,在较早的夜晚遇到的次数较多,在月光较弱的时期遇到的次数较多,例如,它们有 "惧月症"。我们的结果可以从体重差异的角度来理解。较小的体重需要更多和更稳定的能量,这意味着南方小长尾雉需要在不同的温度条件下维持能量需求,并在夜间晚些时候进行更广泛的觅食,以获得足够的食物支撑第二天的生活。厚尾大加拉果的体型较大,在寒冷时期可以起到缓冲作用,让它们可以在夜间更早地觅食。怕月或嗜月可能与其捕食者的活动模式有关。南小杓鹬是视觉导向型昆虫捕食者,嗜月可能有助于发现捕食者并成功捕食昆虫。因此,了解身体质量如何促进或阻碍对环境压力因素的生理和行为反应,对于了解物种对气候变化的适应能力具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
16.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Primatology is a multidisciplinary forum devoted to the dissemination of current research in fundamental primatology. Publishing peer-reviewed, high-quality original articles which feature primates, the journal gathers laboratory and field studies from such diverse disciplines as anthropology, anatomy, ecology, ethology, paleontology, psychology, sociology, and zoology.
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