Shaping immunity: The influence of natural selection on population immune diversity

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Immunological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI:10.1111/imr.13329
Haley E. Randolph, Katherine A. Aracena, Yen-Lung Lin, Zepeng Mu, Luis B. Barreiro
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Abstract

Humans exhibit considerable variability in their immune responses to the same immune challenges. Such variation is widespread and affects individual and population-level susceptibility to infectious diseases and immune disorders. Although the factors influencing immune response diversity are partially understood, what mechanisms lead to the wide range of immune traits in healthy individuals remain largely unexplained. Here, we discuss the role that natural selection has played in driving phenotypic differences in immune responses across populations and present-day susceptibility to immune-related disorders. Further, we touch on future directions in the field of immunogenomics, highlighting the value of expanding this work to human populations globally, the utility of modeling the immune response as a dynamic process, and the importance of considering the potential polygenic nature of natural selection. Identifying loci acted upon by evolution may further pinpoint variants critically involved in disease etiology, and designing studies to capture these effects will enrich our understanding of the genetic contributions to immunity and immune dysregulation.

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塑造免疫力:自然选择对群体免疫多样性的影响
摘要 人类对相同免疫挑战的免疫反应存在很大差异。这种变异非常普遍,影响着个体和群体对传染病和免疫紊乱的易感性。尽管影响免疫反应多样性的因素已被部分了解,但导致健康个体免疫特征广泛差异的机制在很大程度上仍未解释。在此,我们将讨论自然选择在推动不同人群免疫反应表型差异以及当今免疫相关疾病易感性方面所起的作用。此外,我们还探讨了免疫基因组学领域的未来发展方向,强调了将这项工作扩展到全球人类群体的价值、将免疫反应作为一个动态过程建模的实用性,以及考虑自然选择的潜在多基因性质的重要性。确定受进化影响的基因位点可进一步精确定位与疾病病因学密切相关的变体,而设计研究来捕捉这些效应将丰富我们对免疫和免疫失调的遗传贡献的理解。
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来源期刊
Immunological Reviews
Immunological Reviews 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
1.10%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system. The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.
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