First occurrence of a reproductive group of golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus) in a densely populated area south of the Po River (Italy)

Abstract

Although the presence of the golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus) in Italy has been documented since 1984, it has long been considered an accidental species confined to a limited portion of the northeastern sector of the country. Recently, dispersing individuals of golden jackal have been reported in different areas of northern Italy, suggesting an enhanced spreading attitude compared to the past. However, despite a wider covered area, no evidence of reproductive groups south of the Po River has ever been documented, suggesting possible geographical limitations due to the habitat or ecological conditions. This study witnesses the overcoming of this large freshwater course by the species, and describes the first reproductive group of golden jackals south of Po River in a context of a highly industrialized area. The results are obtained using different methods (citizen science, howling, camera trapping, search of signs) able to demonstrate an expansion of this mesocarnivore outside its traditional northeastern Italian distribution range. Interesting questions are also raised about the species ecology with special regard to its southern migration pattern through anthropic zones.