Altai Mountains – cradle of hybrids and introgressants: A case study in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae)

IF 3 2区 生物学 Q2 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Taxon Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI:10.1002/tax.13176
Gulzar Khan, Eike Mayland-Quellhorst, Petr A. Kosachev, Terezie Mandáková, Martin A. Lysak, Dirk C. Albach
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Abstract

Mountains form a diverse mosaic of microhabitats over small distances created by changes in climate, soil, and water availability. A key to adaptation of plants to such microhabitats is genetic variation; however, natural accumulation of genetic variation through mutation is slow and often not sufficient alone. Adaptive introgression via hybridization is an alternative to generate genetic variation. Here, we investigate hybridization and discuss its adaptive role in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium at their Altai Mountains distribution. To support our hypotheses of frequent hybridization, we genotyped thousands of SNPs for 233 individuals from 10 species and 7 putative hybrids previously described based on morphology. We employed Bayesian and likelihood statistical models and supported our results by morphometric analysis and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The results suggest that almost all the individuals of the putative hybrids are of F1 type. The GISH investigation in one case strongly supports homoploid hybridization (origin of V. ×schmakovii from V. longifolia and V. porphyriana. Divergence times of Altai Veronica species are estimated to be within 1–2 million years ago with high probability of gene flow over that time. Our results also demonstrate that the direction of gene flow is mainly from the locally endemic V. porphyriana. We hypothesize that the large Siberian plains and topographically diverse foreland of the Altai Mountains provide an ideal setting for hybridization with the potential for adaptive introgression of alleles conferring tolerance to cooler climates, to the lowland species migrating into the Altai Mountains.
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阿尔泰山--杂交种和引种的摇篮:马鞭草亚属(车前草科)案例研究
由于气候、土壤和水源的变化,山脉在小范围内形成了多种多样的微生境。植物适应这种微生境的关键在于基因变异;然而,通过变异自然积累基因变异的速度很慢,而且往往仅靠变异是不够的。通过杂交进行适应性引种是产生遗传变异的另一种方法。在这里,我们研究了阿尔泰山脉分布的马鞭草亚种(Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium)的杂交情况,并讨论了其适应作用。为了支持我们关于频繁杂交的假设,我们对来自 10 个物种的 233 个个体和之前根据形态学描述的 7 个假定杂交种进行了数千个 SNPs 的基因分型。我们采用了贝叶斯和似然统计模型,并通过形态计量分析和基因组原位杂交(GISH)来支持我们的结果。结果表明,几乎所有假定杂交种的个体都是 F1 型。GISH 调查强烈支持同源杂交(V. ×schmakovii 起源于 V. longifolia 和 V. porphyriana)。阿尔泰马鞭草物种的分化时间估计在 1-2 百万年前,在此期间基因流动的可能性很大。我们的研究结果还表明,基因流动的方向主要来自当地特有的 V. porphyriana。我们推测,阿尔泰山的西伯利亚大平原和地形多样的前陆为杂交提供了理想的环境,使迁徙到阿尔泰山的低地物种有可能适应性地引入能耐受凉爽气候的等位基因。
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来源期刊
Taxon
Taxon 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.80%
发文量
177
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: TAXON is the bi-monthly journal of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy and is devoted to systematic and evolutionary biology with emphasis on plants and fungi. It is published bimonthly by the International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature, c/o Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, SLOVAKIA. Details of page charges are given in the Guidelines for authors. Papers will be reviewed by at least two specialists.
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