Sherif A. Abdel Latif, Haidy Hassan, Omneya Ibrahim, Aya E. Abou El Fotouh, Marwa Orabi Mohamed, Ashraf M. El Tantawy
{"title":"Comorbidity of depression and anxiety with obstructive sleep apnea in a sample of Egyptian patients","authors":"Sherif A. Abdel Latif, Haidy Hassan, Omneya Ibrahim, Aya E. Abou El Fotouh, Marwa Orabi Mohamed, Ashraf M. El Tantawy","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00416-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 2 decades, sleep researchers have made significant advances in understanding sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA commonly coexists with psychiatric disorders encompassing mental health issues like depression, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia an others. This study aims to assess the comorbidity of OSA with depression and anxiety disorders among Egyptian patients. During the study, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 92 adults diagnosed with OSA. Those patients were interviewed using a checklist to gather information regarding their chief complaints and other associated symptoms. The psychological status was assessed utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scoring. The severity of the breathing disorder was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the respiratory disturbance index (RDI), which was confirmed through overnight polysomnography. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The sample of patients as a whole shows that witnessed apneas represent the highest percentage (70.7%), followed by fatigue (69.6%), then non-refreshing sleep (67.4%), and snores (63.0%). The least frequent presenting symptom is frequent naps. The majority of OSA patients have a comorbid psychiatric disorder (65.0%). Among these, depressive disorders are the most prevalent (31.5%), followed by anxiety disorders (23.9%) and psychoses (6.5%). It is worth noting that 38% of OSA patients do not have any psychiatric disorders. In terms of anxiety disorders, the most common subtype observed is OCD (8.7%), followed by GAD (6.5%), panic (5%), and PTSD (3.3%). As regards depressive disorders, the predominant subtype present is depressive disorder not otherwise specified (11.9%), followed by dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder (8.7% for each), and then bipolar disorder (depression) at 2.2%. We conclude the following: 1. OSA patients are likely to present with comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorder(s). 2. Fatigue was found to be the most prevalent presenting symptom in OSA patients with comorbid anxiety compared to those without anxiety.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00416-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, sleep researchers have made significant advances in understanding sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA commonly coexists with psychiatric disorders encompassing mental health issues like depression, anxiety, bipolar, schizophrenia an others. This study aims to assess the comorbidity of OSA with depression and anxiety disorders among Egyptian patients. During the study, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 92 adults diagnosed with OSA. Those patients were interviewed using a checklist to gather information regarding their chief complaints and other associated symptoms. The psychological status was assessed utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scoring. The severity of the breathing disorder was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the respiratory disturbance index (RDI), which was confirmed through overnight polysomnography. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The sample of patients as a whole shows that witnessed apneas represent the highest percentage (70.7%), followed by fatigue (69.6%), then non-refreshing sleep (67.4%), and snores (63.0%). The least frequent presenting symptom is frequent naps. The majority of OSA patients have a comorbid psychiatric disorder (65.0%). Among these, depressive disorders are the most prevalent (31.5%), followed by anxiety disorders (23.9%) and psychoses (6.5%). It is worth noting that 38% of OSA patients do not have any psychiatric disorders. In terms of anxiety disorders, the most common subtype observed is OCD (8.7%), followed by GAD (6.5%), panic (5%), and PTSD (3.3%). As regards depressive disorders, the predominant subtype present is depressive disorder not otherwise specified (11.9%), followed by dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder (8.7% for each), and then bipolar disorder (depression) at 2.2%. We conclude the following: 1. OSA patients are likely to present with comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorder(s). 2. Fatigue was found to be the most prevalent presenting symptom in OSA patients with comorbid anxiety compared to those without anxiety.
在过去 20 年里,睡眠研究人员在了解包括阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)在内的睡眠障碍方面取得了重大进展。OSA 通常与精神疾病并存,包括抑郁症、焦虑症、躁狂症、精神分裂症等心理健康问题。本研究旨在评估埃及患者中 OSA 与抑郁症和焦虑症的共存情况。研究期间,我们进行了一项横断面研究,涉及 92 名被诊断患有 OSA 的成年人。我们使用检查表对这些患者进行了访谈,以收集有关其主诉和其他相关症状的信息。心理状况通过 DSM-IV 轴一疾病结构化临床访谈(SCID I)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI)评分进行评估。呼吸紊乱的严重程度根据呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)分为轻度、中度和重度,并通过夜间多导睡眠图进行确认。白天嗜睡情况通过埃普沃思嗜睡量表(ESS)进行评估。患者样本整体显示,目击性呼吸暂停所占比例最高(70.7%),其次是疲劳(69.6%),然后是睡眠不清爽(67.4%)和打鼾(63.0%)。最不常见的症状是经常打盹。大多数 OSA 患者合并有精神疾病(65.0%)。其中,抑郁症最常见(31.5%),其次是焦虑症(23.9%)和精神病(6.5%)。值得注意的是,38%的 OSA 患者没有任何精神障碍。就焦虑症而言,最常见的亚型是强迫症(8.7%),其次是严重情感障碍(6.5%)、恐慌症(5%)和创伤后应激障碍(3.3%)。至于抑郁障碍,最主要的亚型是未另作说明的抑郁障碍(11.9%),其次是癔症和重度抑郁障碍(各占 8.7%),然后是躁郁症(抑郁症),占 2.2%。我们得出以下结论:1.OSA 患者很可能合并抑郁症和/或焦虑症。2.与没有焦虑症的患者相比,疲劳是合并焦虑症的 OSA 患者最常见的症状。