Regulation of Transcription by RNA Polymerase III Promotors in the Norm and Pathology

IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1134/s0026893324020134
A. M. Schwartz, K. A. Tatosyan, D. V. Stasenko, D. A. Kramerov
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Abstract—RNA polymerase III synthesizes a wide range of noncoding RNAs shorter than 400 nucleotides in length. These RNAs are involved in protein synthesis (tRNA, 5S rRNA, and 7SL RNA), maturation, and splicing of different types of RNA (RPR, MRP RNA, and U6 snRNA), regulation of transcription (7SK RNA), replication (Y RNA), and intracellular transport (vault RNA). BC200 and BC1 RNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III in neurons only where these RNAs regulate protein synthesis. Mutations in the regulatory elements of the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III as well as in transcription factors of this RNA polymerase are associated with the development of a number of diseases, primarily oncological and neurological. In this regard, the mechanisms of regulation of the expression of the genes containing various RNA polymerase III promoters were actively studied. This review describes the structural and functional classification of polymerase III promoters, as well as the factors involved in the regulation of promoters of different types. A number of examples demonstrate the role of the described factors in the pathogenesis of human diseases.

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正常和病理情况下 RNA 聚合酶 III 启动子对转录的调控
摘要-RNA 聚合酶 III 可合成长度短于 400 个核苷酸的多种非编码 RNA。这些 RNA 参与蛋白质合成(tRNA、5S rRNA 和 7SL RNA)、成熟和不同类型 RNA 的剪接(RPR、MRP RNA 和 U6 snRNA)、转录调控(7SK RNA)、复制(Y RNA)和细胞内运输(穹顶 RNA)。BC200 和 BC1 RNA 基因仅在神经元中由 RNA 聚合酶 III 转录,这些 RNA 在神经元中调节蛋白质的合成。由 RNA 聚合酶 III 转录的基因的调控元件以及该 RNA 聚合酶的转录因子发生突变与多种疾病(主要是肿瘤和神经系统疾病)的发生有关。为此,人们积极研究了含有各种 RNA 聚合酶 III 启动子的基因的表达调控机制。这篇综述介绍了聚合酶 III 启动子的结构和功能分类,以及参与调控不同类型启动子的因素。大量实例证明了所述因素在人类疾病发病机制中的作用。
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来源期刊
Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
8.30%
发文量
78
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Biology is an international peer reviewed journal that covers a wide scope of problems in molecular, cell and computational biology including genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, molecular virology and immunology, molecular development biology, molecular evolution and related areals. Molecular Biology publishes reviews, experimental and theoretical works. Every year, the journal publishes special issues devoted to most rapidly developing branches of physical-chemical biology and to the most outstanding scientists.
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