Wildfires alter stream ecosystem functioning through effects on leaf litter

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Fire Ecology Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1186/s42408-024-00268-w
Javier Pérez, Cecilia Brand, Alberto Alonso, Alaia Sarasa, Diana Rojo, Francisco Correa-Araneda, Luz Boyero
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Abstract

Wildfires have strong impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, whose frequency, severity, and intensity are increasing with climate change. Moreover, the expansion of exotic monoculture plantations, such as those of eucalypts, increases this risk. When wildfires do not cause the disappearance of riparian vegetation, they still imply the fall of leaf litter exposed to the fire (i.e., crown scorch), which consequences for ecosystems are unknown. To explore how these leaf litter inputs may affect stream ecosystem functioning, we conducted a microcosm experiment where we quantified the decomposition of leaf litter from three tree species (alder, oak, and eucalypt) under two conditions (control litter simulating natural entries and litter subjected to 150 °C for 3 h mimicking exposure to fire). We also examined the interaction between this factor and a temperature rise (which is often associated to the loss of riparian vegetation caused by the wildfire) by manipulating water temperature (10, 12.5, and 15 °C). Finally, we explored the effects of these variables on the growth of a common detritivore, the caddisfly Sericostoma pyrenaicum. Control alder presented the highest decomposition rates, which were notably reduced due to fire exposure. On the contrary, eucalypt litter decomposition was even slower than that of oak and hardly showed any effect derived from fire exposure. The different leaf litter types determined detritivore growth, to a greater extent than variation related to warming, which generally had negligible effects. Our study shows the negative effects of wildfires on stream ecosystem functioning even when they only involve brief exposure of leaf litter to the fire. Effects are greater on the most palatable native species, which represents the highest quality input in streams of the study area. Our results highlight the importance of protecting riparian forests, especially those composed of native species, against wildfires.
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野火通过对落叶的影响改变溪流生态系统的功能
野火对陆地和水生生态系统有很大影响,随着气候变化,野火的频率、严重程度和强度都在增加。此外,桉树等外来单一种植园的扩张也增加了这一风险。当野火没有导致河岸植被消失时,它们仍意味着暴露在火中的落叶(即树冠焦枯)的掉落,而这对生态系统的影响尚不清楚。为了探索这些落叶的输入会如何影响溪流生态系统的功能,我们进行了一个微观世界实验,在两种条件下(模拟自然进入的对照落叶和模拟火灾暴露的 150 °C 3 小时的落叶)量化了三种树种(赤杨、橡树和桉树)落叶的分解情况。我们还通过调节水温(10、12.5 和 15 °C)研究了这一因素与温度上升(通常与野火造成的河岸植被损失有关)之间的相互作用。最后,我们还探讨了这些变量对一种常见的食腐动物--笛簧片蝇(Sericostoma pyrenaicum)生长的影响。对照组桤木的分解率最高,但由于受到火灾影响,分解率明显降低。相反,桉树落叶的分解速度比橡树还要慢,而且几乎没有受到火灾的影响。不同的落叶类型决定了食腐动物的生长,其影响程度大于与气候变暖有关的变化,后者的影响一般可以忽略不计。我们的研究表明,野火对溪流生态系统的功能有负面影响,即使野火只涉及枯落叶的短暂暴露。对最适口的本地物种的影响更大,而这些物种代表了研究区域溪流中最高质量的投入。我们的研究结果突显了保护河岸森林,尤其是由本地物种组成的河岸森林免受野火影响的重要性。
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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