Tackle Risk Factors for Head Injury Assessments (HIAs) in Sub-Elite Rugby League and Recommendations for Prevention: Head Contacts from Upright Tackles Increase the HIA Risk to Both Ball Carrier and Tackler

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Medicine - Open Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1186/s40798-024-00696-7
Martin A. Lang, Ross Tucker, Suzi Edwards, Grant L. Iverson, Andrew J. Gardner
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Abstract

The rugby league tackle has been identified as the game event with the greatest propensity for a clinically diagnosed concussion. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in professional rugby league and rugby union by examining Head Injury Assessment (HIA) events to determine the associated tackle characteristics that increase concussion risk in sub-elite rugby league players. This comparison between competition levels is important due to the less developed physiological and tackle proficiency characteristics of sub-elite rugby league players and the fewer resources available for an on-field diagnosis, compared to the elite level of the sport. Tackles resulting in Head Injury Assessments (HIAs, n = 131) and 2,088 tackles that did not result in a head injury were identified and coded from one season of the 2019 Queensland Cup. The body position of both ball carrier and tackler, tackle height, and body contact areas were evaluated. The propensity for tacklers to undergo a head injury assessment was 1.49 HIAs per 1,000 tackles, equating to a 2.5-fold higher risk than that of the ball carrier (0.59 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). The risk for an HIA was 2.75-fold greater when the tackler was upright (2.89 HIAs per 1,000 tackles) compared to a bent-at-the-waist tackler (1.05 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). The greatest risk for the tackler and ball carrier sustaining an HIA occurred when the tackle height was high, with head-to-head contact having the greatest propensity for an HIA (44.37 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). HIA risk was also greater for both players when the ball carrier did not employ an evasion strategy (3.73 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). The study replicates results from research in elite rugby league and rugby union. A combination of higher head contact/proximity and upright body position significantly increase an HIA risk. Tackler head position and ball carrier evasion behaviours also affect risk, suggesting that injury prevention strategies designed to reduce tackle height and improve tackle technique by focusing on head position, body position, and in a novel finding, ball carrier evasion, may reduce head injury risk in sub-elite rugby league players.
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次级精英橄榄球联赛中头部伤害评估 (HIA) 的擒抱风险因素和预防建议:直立擒抱造成的头部接触会增加持球者和擒抱者的 HIA 风险
橄榄球联赛中的擒抱动作被认为是最容易造成临床诊断脑震荡的比赛项目。本研究旨在通过检查头部伤害评估(HIA)事件来确定增加次级精英橄榄球联盟球员脑震荡风险的相关擒抱特征,从而复制在职业橄榄球联盟和橄榄球联盟中开展的工作。由于亚精英橄榄球联盟球员的生理发育和擒抱熟练程度较低,而且与精英级别的运动相比,可用于场上诊断的资源较少,因此对不同级别的比赛进行比较非常重要。我们对 2019 年昆士兰杯一个赛季中导致头部伤害评估(HIA,n = 131)的擒抱动作和 2088 次未导致头部伤害的擒抱动作进行了识别和编码。对持球者和擒抱者的身体位置、擒抱高度和身体接触面积进行了评估。每 1,000 次擒抱中,擒抱者接受头部伤害评估的倾向为 1.49 次,相当于持球者(每 1,000 次擒抱中接受头部伤害评估的倾向为 0.59 次)风险的 2.5 倍。与弯腰擒抱者(每 1,000 次擒抱中有 1.05 次 HIA)相比,直立擒抱者(每 1,000 次擒抱中有 2.89 次 HIA)的 HIA 风险高出 2.75 倍。当擒抱高度较高时,擒抱者和持球者发生 HIA 的风险最大,头对头接触发生 HIA 的可能性最大(每 1,000 次擒抱中有 44.37 次 HIA)。当持球者没有采取回避策略时,两名球员的 HIA 风险也更大(每 1,000 次擒抱中有 3.73 次 HIA)。该研究重复了精英橄榄球联盟和橄榄球联盟的研究结果。较高的头部接触/接近度和直立的身体姿势会显著增加 HIA 风险。擒抱者头部位置和持球者回避行为也会影响风险,这表明,通过关注头部位置、身体位置以及新发现的持球者回避行为,旨在降低擒抱高度和改进擒抱技术的伤害预防策略可能会降低亚精英橄榄球联盟球员的头部伤害风险。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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