Continuous and Periodical Effects of Smoke from Crop Residue Combustion on Soil Enzymatic Activity

IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Eurasian Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI:10.1134/s1064229323603256
M. S. Nizhelskiy, K. Sh. Kazeev, V. V. Vilkova, A. N. Fedorenko, S. N. Sushkova, S. I. Kolesnikov
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Abstract

Wildfires result in the emission of large volumes of toxic smoke, which is transported hundreds of kilometers away from the fires and can have an adverse impact on soil, biota, and humans. A series of modelling experiments on pyrogenic fumigation of soil has been carried out to assess the effects of gaseous products of wildfires on soil biochemical parameters. The effects of continuous exposure to gaseous substances and periodical, repetitive effects of smoke exposure on soil have been determined. The results have been compared with a single intense smoke exposure. It was found that pyrogenic impact significantly affected the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem. The degree of influence depended on the duration and periodicity of smoke exposure. In all experiments, enzymes of oxidoreductase class (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) were more sensitive to fumigation than invertase from hydrolase class. High concentrations of toxic gases were the cause of suppressed enzymatic activity of soils. The following concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for atmospheric air: CO 714 times, phenol (hydroxybenzene) 441 times, acetaldehyde 24100 times, formaldehyde 190 times. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil after fumigation was revealed, the total content of PAHs was 377 ng/g. The highest values were recorded for naphthalene, where the concentration was 4.4 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration and phenanthrene, 2.8 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. It has been found that 60-min intensive smoke affects the soil to a lesser extent than continuous and periodical ones. Indices of enzymatic activity of chernozem after such fumigation decreased by 15–33% depending on the enzyme, and after continuous and periodical by 41–84 and 31–78%, respectively. The obtained data indicated a significant effect of smoke on the enzymatic activity of soils under continuous and periodical exposure to gaseous products of combustion.

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农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾对土壤酵素活性的连续和周期性影响
摘要野火会导致大量有毒烟雾的排放,这些烟雾会被带到离火场数百公里以外的地方,对土壤、生物群和人类产生不利影响。为了评估野火的气态产物对土壤生化参数的影响,我们进行了一系列土壤热原熏蒸模拟实验。实验确定了持续暴露于气体物质和定期、重复暴露于烟雾对土壤的影响。研究结果与单次强烈烟雾暴露进行了比较。研究发现,热原影响对普通酵母的酶活性有显著影响。影响程度取决于烟雾暴露的持续时间和周期。在所有实验中,氧化还原酶类(过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶)比水解酶类的转化酶对熏蒸更敏感。高浓度有毒气体是抑制土壤中酶活性的原因。以下浓度超过了大气中的最大允许浓度:一氧化碳 714 倍、苯酚(羟基苯)441 倍、乙醛 24100 倍、甲醛 190 倍。熏蒸后发现土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的累积,PAHs 的总含量为 377 纳克/克。其中萘的含量最高,是最高允许浓度的 4.4 倍,菲的含量是最高允许浓度的 2.8 倍。研究发现,60 分钟高强度烟雾对土壤的影响程度低于连续和定期烟雾。经过这种熏蒸后,Chernozem 的酶活性指数根据酶的不同下降了 15-33%,连续和定期熏蒸后分别下降了 41-84% 和 31-78%。获得的数据表明,在连续和定期接触燃烧气态产物的情况下,烟雾对土壤酶活性的影响很大。
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来源期刊
Eurasian Soil Science
Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
35.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.
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