Hydroprocessing of fossil fuel-based aviation kerosene – Technology options and climate impact mitigation potentials

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Environment: X Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100259
Gunnar Quante , Steffen Voß , Nils Bullerdiek , Christiane Voigt , Martin Kaltschmitt
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Abstract

Aviation contributes about 4 % of global anthropogenic climate forcing primarily by contrails, CO2 and NOx emissions. Renewably sourced aviation kerosene can help to reduce the climate impact from CO2 and from contrails, but so far, its production capacities are very small. Hence, the climate impact of using fossil fuel-based kerosene with a hydrogen content increased by hydroprocessing as short term mitigation measure is studied here. Therefore, the change in net energy forcing (ΔEFnet) in 2019 is calculated as the sum of the change in contrail energy forcing (ΔEFcontrail) and additional CO2 emissions (ΔEFhydroprocessing) from aviation kerosene hydroprocessing (ΔEFnet = ΔEFcontrail + ΔEFhydroprocessing). The results show that hydroprocessed aviation kerosene can reduce the net energy forcing EFnet by about 33 % with ΔEFhydroprocessing penalty of 5 %-points. Increasing the hydroprocessing severity increases the relative climate benefit, which is only slightly affected by the emissions factor for hydroprocessing or the choice of the time horizon. Data limitations about fuel composition and its effect on contrails and climate cause considerable uncertainties and the fuel's compliance with specification standards needs consideration. This study on the climate effect of hydroprocessed fossil kerosene can help to assess near-term measures to reduce the climate impact from aviation.

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基于化石燃料的航空煤油的水处理--技术选择和减轻气候影响的潜力
在全球人为气候作用力中,航空约占 4%,主要来自于烟尘、二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放。可再生航空煤油有助于减少二氧化碳和烟尘对气候的影响,但到目前为止,其生产能力还非常小。因此,本文研究了使用化石燃料煤油(通过加氢处理增加氢含量)作为短期减缓措施对气候的影响。因此,2019 年的净能量强迫变化(ΔEFnet)是由航空煤油加氢处理产生的尾迹能量强迫变化(ΔEFcontrail)和额外二氧化碳排放(ΔEFhydroprocessing)之和计算得出的(ΔEFnet = ΔEFcontrail + ΔEFhydroprocessing)。结果表明,加氢处理航空煤油可将净能量强迫 EFnet 降低约 33%,ΔEF 加氢处理惩罚为 5%-点。提高加氢处理的严重程度可增加相对气候效益,而加氢处理的排放因子或时间范围的选择对气候效益的影响很小。由于燃料成分及其对反气云和气候的影响方面的数据限制,造成了相当大的不确定性,而且需要考虑燃料是否符合规范标准。这项关于加氢处理化石煤油对气候影响的研究有助于评估减少航空对气候影响的近期措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment: X
Atmospheric Environment: X Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
12 weeks
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