Antimicrobial Proficiency of Amlodipine: Investigating its Impact on Pseudomonas spp. in Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a growing concern due to extensive antibiotic use. The study explores a drug repurposing approach to find non-antibiotic drugs with antibacterial activity. In the present study, 8 strains of Pseudomonas spp. were used that were clinically isolated from UTI-infected patients. Amlodipine, a cardiovascular drug used in this study, has shown potential antimicrobial effect in reducing the various virulence factors, including swimming and twitching motility, biofilm, rhamnolipid, pyocyanin, and oxidative stress resistance against all the strains. Amlodipine exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity with MIC in the range of 6.25 to 25 µg/ml. Significant inhibition in biofilm production was seen in the range of 45.75 to 76.70%. A maximum decrease of 54.66% and 59.45% in swimming and twitching motility was observed, respectively. Maximum inhibition of 65.87% of pyocyanin pigment was observed with the effect of amlodipine. Moreover, a significant decrease in rhamnolipids production observed after amlodipine treatment was between 16.5 and 0.001 mg/ml as compared to the control. All bacterial strains exhibited leakage of proteins and nucleic acids from their cell membranes when exposed to amlodipine which suggests the damage of the structural integrity. In conclusion, amlodipine exhibited good antimicrobial activity and can be used as a potential candidate to be repurposed for the treatment of urinary tract infections.