Heating of millisecond pulsars by magnetic field decay

IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Astronomische Nachrichten Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1002/asna.20240032
U. Geppert
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Abstract

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be very old neutron stars (NSs) whose age may exceed significantly 10 8 $$ {10}^8 $$  years. Although cooling scenarios of isolated NSs predict for that age a surface temperature T s ~ 10 4 $$ {T}_s\sim {10}^4 $$  K, observations of the nearest MSP J0437-4715 indicate T s $$ {T}_s $$ well above that value. Besides the heating of the polar cap surface by backflowing charged particles, Joule heating in the crust can contribute to the overall heat budget of MSPs. Because the dipolar field component, derived from P $$ P $$ and P ˙ $$ \dot{P} $$ measurements, is much too weak for remarkable heating, smaller-scale structures should be analyzed to understand whether they can supply the demanded heat. For this purpose, we study the small-scale field structure of radio pulsars. Magnetic field components, significantly stronger than the dipolar one, may exist especially at the surface of MSPs. We assign upper limits to the strength of single-field components up to a multipolarity of l = 10 $$ l=10 $$ and the corresponding deviations from axial symmetry m l $$ m\le l $$ . Arguments are provided that the decay of the small-scale components with l = 3 $$ l=3 $$ or l = 4 $$ l=4 $$ of the crustal magnetic field may cause the relatively high surface temperature of isolated MSPs.

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通过磁场衰变加热毫秒脉冲星
毫秒脉冲星(MSPs)被认为是非常古老的中子星(NSs),其年龄可能超过很多年。虽然孤立中子星的冷却方案预测该年龄段的表面温度为 K,但对最近的中子星 J0437-4715 的观测表明其表面温度远高于该值。除了极冠表面被反向流动的带电粒子加热之外,地壳中的焦耳热也会对 MSP 的整体热预算产生影响。由于从和测量中得出的偶极场分量太弱,无法显著加热,因此应分析较小尺度的结构,以了解它们是否能提供所需的热量。为此,我们研究了射电脉冲星的小尺度磁场结构。在射电脉冲星的表面可能存在明显强于偶极磁场的磁场成分。我们给出了单磁场成分强度的上限,最高可达多极性,以及相应的轴对称偏差。我们提出的论据是,小尺度分量与地壳磁场或地壳磁场的衰减可能导致孤立的 MSPs 表面温度相对较高。
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来源期刊
Astronomische Nachrichten
Astronomische Nachrichten 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
11.10%
发文量
57
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Astronomische Nachrichten, founded in 1821 by H. C. Schumacher, is the oldest astronomical journal worldwide still being published. Famous astronomical discoveries and important papers on astronomy and astrophysics published in more than 300 volumes of the journal give an outstanding representation of the progress of astronomical research over the last 180 years. Today, Astronomical Notes/ Astronomische Nachrichten publishes articles in the field of observational and theoretical astrophysics and related topics in solar-system and solar physics. Additional, papers on astronomical instrumentation ground-based and space-based as well as papers about numerical astrophysical techniques and supercomputer modelling are covered. Papers can be completed by short video sequences in the electronic version. Astronomical Notes/ Astronomische Nachrichten also publishes special issues of meeting proceedings.
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