{"title":"Equilibrium Composition of Products in a Hafnium Dioxide–Calcium–Nitrogen–Carbon Mixture at Adiabatic Combustion Temperature","authors":"A. N. Avramchik, B. Sh. Braverman","doi":"10.1134/s0010508224010076","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculation of adiabatic temperature and the equilibrium composition of products of HfO<sub>2</sub> reduction with calcium depending on carbon and calcium content at different pressures. The formation of solid HfN–HfC solutions is identified with the formation of hafnium carbonitride. It is shown that adiabatic temperatures lie in a range of 2000–2900 K, and its elevation is limited by the melting of CaO at 2900 K. The introduction of carbon often reduces the adiabatic temperature, and a pressure rise leads to its increase. A connection is revealed between the composition of products and the type of temperature curves. The main reason why adiabatic temperature rises along with pressure is a displacement of equilibrium toward the formation of condensed phases and an increase in the fraction of HfN in the products.</p>","PeriodicalId":10509,"journal":{"name":"Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0010508224010076","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculation of adiabatic temperature and the equilibrium composition of products of HfO2 reduction with calcium depending on carbon and calcium content at different pressures. The formation of solid HfN–HfC solutions is identified with the formation of hafnium carbonitride. It is shown that adiabatic temperatures lie in a range of 2000–2900 K, and its elevation is limited by the melting of CaO at 2900 K. The introduction of carbon often reduces the adiabatic temperature, and a pressure rise leads to its increase. A connection is revealed between the composition of products and the type of temperature curves. The main reason why adiabatic temperature rises along with pressure is a displacement of equilibrium toward the formation of condensed phases and an increase in the fraction of HfN in the products.
摘要 本文介绍了绝热温度的热力学计算结果，以及不同压力下碳和钙含量对二氧化铪与钙还原产物平衡组成的影响。固体 HfN-HfC 溶液的形成与碳氮化铪的形成相一致。研究表明，绝热温度在 2000-2900 K 范围内，绝热温度的升高受到 2900 K CaO 熔化的限制。产品成分与温度曲线类型之间存在联系。绝热温度随压力升高而升高的主要原因是平衡向凝聚相的形成移动，以及产品中 HfN 分数的增加。
期刊介绍：
Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves a peer reviewed journal published in collaboration with the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The journal presents top-level studies in the physics and chemistry of combustion and detonation processes, structural and chemical transformation of matter in shock and detonation waves, and related phenomena. Each issue contains valuable information on initiation of detonation in condensed and gaseous phases, environmental consequences of combustion and explosion, engine and power unit combustion, production of new materials by shock and detonation waves, explosion welding, explosive compaction of powders, dynamic responses of materials and constructions, and hypervelocity impact.
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