Noma (Cancrum oris) in Africa: A newly added neglected tropical disease

Abstract

Noma is an overwhelming orofacial necrotizing disease and most cases occur in malnourished people, especially children. It is most common in tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Its high death rate, serious physical and psychological morbidity, stigmatization, and social discrimination are all contributing factors. Common public health interventions could prevent, control, and even eradicate noma. However, it is often disregarded when it comes to public health awareness, in-depth scientific research, and funding for prevention, treatment, and research. Noma was added to the list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) on December 15, 2023, as it satisfies all WHO criteria for this classification. This paper aims to provide an updated global health review on noma in Africa to reduce its burden on the continent. Healthcare professionals need to be more knowledgeable about noma, and systematic worldwide data collection and documentation regarding noma need to be encouraged to keep track of and eradicate the disease in Africa.