Deciphering visceral adipose tissue regulatory T cells: Key contributors to metabolic health

IF 7.5 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Immunological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI:10.1111/imr.13336
Cody Elkins, Chaoran Li
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Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play a crucial role in controlling tissue inflammation and maintaining metabolic health. VAT Tregs display a unique transcriptional profile and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and closely interact with adipocytes, stromal cells, and other immune components within the local VAT microenvironment. However, in the context of obesity, there is a notable decline in VAT Tregs, resulting in heightened VAT inflammation and insulin resistance. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of VAT Tregs is essential for the development of Treg-based therapies for mitigating obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Recent advancements in lineage tracing tools, genetic mouse models, and various single cell “omics” techniques have significantly progressed our understandings of the origin, differentiation, and regulation of this unique VAT Treg population at steady state and during obesity. The identification of VAT-Treg precursor cells in the secondary lymphoid organs has also provided important insights into the timing, location, and mechanisms through which VAT Tregs acquire their distinctive phenotype that enables them to function within a lipid-rich microenvironment. In this review, we highlight key recent breakthroughs in the VAT-Treg field while discussing pivotal questions that remain unanswered.

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解密内脏脂肪组织调节性 T 细胞:新陈代谢健康的关键因素
内脏脂肪组织(VAT)中的调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)在控制组织炎症和维持代谢健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用。内脏脂肪组织中的调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)显示出独特的转录谱和 T 细胞受体(TCR)谱系,并与脂肪细胞、基质细胞和内脏脂肪组织微环境中的其他免疫成分密切互动。然而,在肥胖的情况下,VAT Tregs 明显减少,导致 VAT 炎症和胰岛素抵抗加剧。全面了解增值血管凝集素的生物学特性对于开发基于凝集素的疗法以缓解与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病至关重要。最近在血统追踪工具、遗传小鼠模型和各种单细胞 "omics "技术方面取得的进展,极大地促进了我们对这种独特的 VAT Treg 群体在稳态和肥胖期间的起源、分化和调控的了解。继发性淋巴器官中 VAT Treg 前体细胞的鉴定也为我们了解 VAT Treg 获得其独特表型的时间、位置和机制提供了重要信息,这种表型使它们能够在富脂微环境中发挥作用。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍 VAT-Treg 领域最近取得的重大突破,同时讨论尚未解答的关键问题。
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来源期刊
Immunological Reviews
Immunological Reviews 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.20
自引率
1.10%
发文量
118
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system. The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.
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