Last interglacial in western Europe: 20 years of multidisciplinary research on the Eemian (MIS 5e) calcareous tufa sequence at Caours (Somme basin, France) – a review

IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Boreas Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI:10.1111/bor.12654
Pierre Antoine, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Julie Dabkowski, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Bassam Ghaleb, Jean-Louis Reyss, Patrick Auguste, Noemie Sévêque, Guillaume Jamet, Marie-Claude Jolly-Saad, Agnès Gauthier, Loïc Lebreton, Jean-Luc Locht
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Abstract

The calcareous tufa sequence and associated Palaeolithic site of Caours were discovered in 2002 during a test-pit campaign aimed at identifying last interglacial (MIS 5e) archives in the fluvial terrace system of the Somme basin, northern France. The presence of an outstanding stratigraphical succession with four in situ Palaeolithic layers within the tufa sequence has motivated archaeological excavations of the site since 2005. The first malacological studies and U-series ages quickly showed that the sequence was mainly deposited during the Eemian interglacial (MIS 5e). After 20 years of investigations, we propose here a summary of this multidisciplinary research project including stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology, geochemistry, malacology, mammals, palaeovegetation and archaeology. By combining 25 dates obtained by U-series, ESR/U-series, TL and OSL methods, the Caours calcareous tufa sequence is securely dated to the Eemian (123.1±2.8 ka). Based on the summary of the whole information, we propose a robust and detailed reconstruction of the modification of the valley environments between the Late Saalian and the Early Weichselian. At the scale of northwestern Europe, Caours provides a reference terrestrial molluscs record for the Eemian interglacial, including the climatic optimum, that is also described in the same layers by δ18O and δ13C analyses on calcite and by mammal remains. Moreover, the 300-m-long transect crossing the fluvial terrace covered by the tufa sequence and the bottom valley formation, combined with the chronology established from U-series and OSL ages, shows that the incision of the present-day valley, leading to the setting of the Very Low Terrace, was achieved during the first stages of the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d–5c). From an archaeological point of view, the configuration of the Caours site is unique at the scale of western Europe and demonstrates the adaptation of Neandertals to a forested environment and to fully temperate conditions during the Eemian.

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西欧最后一个冰期:20 年来对 Caours(法国索姆河盆地)埃厄米安(MIS 5e)钙质土页岩序列的多学科研究--综述
Caours 的钙质页岩层及相关的旧石器时代遗址是 2002 年在法国北部索姆河盆地的河流阶地系统中为确定末次冰期(MIS 5e)档案而进行的试坑活动中发现的。地层演替非常出色,在页岩层序中有四个原位旧石器层,这促使自 2005 年以来对该遗址进行了考古发掘。最初的苹果学研究和 U 系列年龄很快表明,该地层主要沉积于埃米间冰期(MIS 5e)。经过 20 年的调查,我们在此对这一包括地层学、沉积学、地质年代学、地球化学、孔雀鱼学、哺乳动物学、古植被学和考古学在内的多学科研究项目进行总结。通过综合使用 U-系列、ESR/U-系列、TL 和 OSL 方法获得的 25 个日期,Caours 的钙质页岩序列被确定为埃米纪(123.1±2.8 ka)。在总结所有信息的基础上,我们对萨利安晚期和魏希塞尔早期之间山谷环境的变化提出了一个可靠而详细的重建方案。在欧洲西北部的尺度上,考尔为埃米间冰期(包括气候最适期)提供了陆生软体动物的参考记录,该记录也通过方解石上的δ18O和δ13C分析以及哺乳动物遗骸在相同的地层中进行了描述。此外,300 米长的横断面跨越了由泥灰岩层和谷底地层覆盖的河流阶地,结合根据 U 系列和 OSL 年龄确定的年代学,可以看出,导致极低阶地形成的现今山谷的切裂是在早魏克瑟尔世(MIS 5d-5c)的第一阶段完成的。从考古学的角度来看,考尔遗址的构造在西欧范围内是独一无二的,它证明了尼安德特人对森林环境的适应,以及在埃米纪完全适应了温带气候条件。
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来源期刊
Boreas
Boreas 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
36
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Boreas has been published since 1972. Articles of wide international interest from all branches of Quaternary research are published. Biological as well as non-biological aspects of the Quaternary environment, in both glaciated and non-glaciated areas, are dealt with: Climate, shore displacement, glacial features, landforms, sediments, organisms and their habitat, and stratigraphical and chronological relationships. Anticipated international interest, at least within a continent or a considerable part of it, is a main criterion for the acceptance of papers. Besides articles, short items like discussion contributions and book reviews are published.
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Issue Information Boreas Reviewers, volume 53 Late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11-6) in Europe – introduction Late Middle Pleistocene Wolstonian Stage (MIS 6) glaciation in lowland Britain and its North Sea regional equivalents – a review Issue Information
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