Invertebrates from naturally brackish areas are less impacted by road salt and alternative deicers

IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Invertebrate Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI:10.1111/ivb.12423
Rachel M. H. Stander, Abigail E. Cahill
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Abstract

Road salt (NaCl) is the most common deicer used to melt snow and ice from roadways in cold climates, but its use results in runoff of sodium and chloride ions into sewers and into soil and freshwater ecosystems. Road salt causes harmful effects on wetland habitats, which host an abundance of macroinvertebrate species. Alternatives to road salt, such as beet juice, are commercially available, but their impact on invertebrates is less well studied. We examined the impact of road salt alternatives on four invertebrate species (Daphnia pulex, Eisenia fetida, Heterocypris sp., and Culicoides sp. larvae), some of which come from a naturally brackish area. Our expectation was that road salt alternatives (beet salt, molasses, pickle juice, and sand) would be less toxic to the animals than traditional road salt. This study comprised two experiments: the first exposed individuals of the four invertebrate species to road salt alternatives, and the second exposed the invertebrates to a range of road salt concentrations. Only individuals of D. pulex were negatively impacted by road salt. The other invertebrates were not significantly affected by any salt alternative, demonstrating interspecific differences in response to salt. Species found in naturally salty environments were more tolerant of both road salt and alternatives. This research shows species- and habitat-specific responses to road salt alternatives, which has implications for municipalities looking to salt roads without negatively impacting freshwater ecosystems.

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天然咸水地区的无脊椎动物受路面盐和替代除冰剂的影响较小
路盐(氯化钠)是寒冷气候条件下最常用的道路融雪除冰剂,但其使用会导致钠离子和氯离子流入下水道、土壤和淡水生态系统。路面盐会对湿地生境造成有害影响,而湿地中栖息着大量的大型无脊椎动物。路面盐的替代品(如甜菜汁)在市场上可以买到,但它们对无脊椎动物的影响研究较少。我们研究了路盐替代品对四种无脊椎动物(水蚤、费氏鳗、异形鲤科鱼类和栉水母幼虫)的影响,其中一些来自天然咸水地区。我们期望路盐替代品(甜菜盐、糖蜜、腌菜汁和沙子)对动物的毒性低于传统路盐。这项研究包括两项实验:第一项实验将四种无脊椎动物的个体暴露在路盐替代品中,第二项实验将无脊椎动物暴露在一定浓度的路盐中。只有 D. pulex 的个体受到了路盐的负面影响。其他无脊椎动物没有受到任何盐替代品的明显影响,这表明它们对盐的反应存在种间差异。自然含盐环境中的物种对路面盐和替代品的耐受性更强。这项研究显示了物种和栖息地对路面撒盐替代品的特定反应,这对希望在不对淡水生态系统造成负面影响的情况下对路面撒盐的市政当局具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
Invertebrate Biology
Invertebrate Biology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
28
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Invertebrate Biology presents fundamental advances in our understanding of the structure, function, ecology, and evolution of the invertebrates, which represent the vast majority of animal diversity. Though ultimately organismal in focus, the journal publishes manuscripts addressing phenomena at all levels of biological organization. Invertebrate Biology welcomes manuscripts addressing the biology of invertebrates from diverse perspectives, including those of: • genetics, cell, and molecular biology • morphology and biomechanics • reproduction and development • physiology and behavior • ecology • evolution and phylogenetics
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