The role of genetic risk factors, diet, and gut microbiota in type 1 diabetes mellitus, pancreas and pancreatic islet transplantation.

A. Zawada, M. Skrzypczak-Zielińska, Sarah Gondek, Piotr Witkowski, A. Rychter, Alicja E Ratajczak-Pawłowska, Marek Karczewski, A. Dobrowolska, I. Krela-kaźmierczak
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Abstract

Despite advances in insulin delivery and glucose monitoring technology, prevention of the progression of secondary complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains a challenge. Beta cell replacement therapy in the form of islet or pancreas transplantation can restore long-term normoglycaemia with sustained periods of insulin independence among T1DM patients. However, the same genetic, behavioural, or gut microbiota-related factors that promoted autoimmunity and primary islet destruction may also affect the function of transplanted islets and the ultimate results of transplant procedures. In such cases, identifying genetic risk factors and modifying behavioural factors and those related to gut microbiota may be beneficial for the outcomes of transplant procedures. Herein, we review related literature to the identified current gap in knowledge to be addressed in future clinical trials.
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遗传风险因素、饮食和肠道微生物群在 1 型糖尿病、胰腺和胰岛移植中的作用。
尽管胰岛素给药和血糖监测技术不断进步,但预防 1 型糖尿病(T1DM)患者继发性并发症的发展仍是一项挑战。以胰岛或胰腺移植为形式的β细胞替代疗法可使T1DM患者恢复长期正常血糖,并持续保持胰岛素独立性。然而,促进自身免疫和原发性胰岛破坏的遗传、行为或肠道微生物相关因素也可能影响移植胰岛的功能和移植手术的最终结果。在这种情况下,确定遗传风险因素、改变行为因素和与肠道微生物群相关的因素可能有利于移植手术的结果。在此,我们对相关文献进行了综述,以确定目前存在的知识空白,并在未来的临床试验中加以解决。
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