A comparative study of true and pseudo-peroxidase and their relative biomarkers between male and female patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Introduction: Pseudo-peroxidase enzymes, despite mimicking the catalytic prowess of true peroxidases, lack authentic enzymatic functionality. The critical discernment between pseudo and true peroxidases is imperative when assessing oxidative biomarkers in both sexes, as variations in enzymatic activity may underpin gender-specific disparities in oxidative stress profiles, potentially impacting disease vulnerability and therapeutic modalities. Objectives: This study aims to ascertain true and pseudo peroxidase activity alongside other oxidative stress biomarkers, comparing these parameters between male and female patients afflicted with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients and Methods: A total of 140 blood samples were analyzed, comprising 80 from CKD patients and 60 from healthy controls. Various parameters, including total protein, albumin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urea, creatinine, hemoglobin (Hb), free amino acids, globulins, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), carbonyls, total thiols, native thiols, disulfides, peroxidase, and pseudo peroxidase activity, as well as specific activity, were assessed in both groups. Results: Females with CKD exhibited a significant elevation in numerous serum parameters, including total protein, albumin, globulins, IMA, GFR, urea, creatinine, free amino acids, carbonyls, and disulfides compared to their male counterparts with CKD. Conversely, males with CKD demonstrated a notable increase in peroxidase activity, peroxidase specific activity, pseudo peroxidase activity, and pseudo peroxidase specific activity in comparison to females with CKD. Conclusion: The comparative analysis between male and female CKD patients regarding the assessed parameters revealed notable differences in albumin, total protein, GFR, urea, creatinine, Hb, free amino acids, globulins, IMA, carbonyls, total thiols, native thiols, disulfides, peroxidase, and pseudo peroxidase activity and specific activity.