Evaluating Best Management Practice Efficacy Based on Seasonal Variability and Spatial Scales

Vivek Venishetty, P. Parajuli, Filip To, Dipesh Nepal, Beth H. Baker, V. Gude
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Abstract

Implementing best management practices (BMPs) has proven to be an efficient method for reducing non-point source (NPS) pollutants. Agricultural NPS pollution is considered to be a major contributor to water quality impairment. This study aims to assess the variation in hydrologic and water quality outputs at field and watershed scales when BMPs are implemented using modeling approaches. The Yazoo River Watershed (YRW) is the largest watershed basin in the state of Mississippi with approximately 50% agricultural land. Runoff generated from agricultural areas carries sediments and nutrients. The Merigold watershed (MW) is a sub-basin of the YRW and a field-scale watershed with most of the land use being agriculture. It is essential to quantify the streamflow, sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) when BMPs are implemented. BMPs such as vegetative filter strips (VFS) and cover crops (CC) were tested in this study. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to quantify the watershed’s hydrologic and water quality outputs. SWAT model accuracy assessment was performed by calibration and validation process using the Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSE). Model performance was satisfactory for monthly streamflow, with NSE values in the range of 0.62 to 0.81, and for daily sediments, TN, and TP load estimation, with NSE values of 0.21, 0.20, and 0.47, respectively. CC was planted after harvesting the main crop. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the seasonal reduction in pollutants. Water quality was improved after BMP implementation, and an overall decrease in streamflow, sediment, TN, and TP loads was observed for both MW and YRW during dry and wet seasons. Previous studies regarding seasonal assessments with CC implementation in the MW and YRW were limited. Therefore, the results from this study could be a unique addition to the scientific literature.
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根据季节变异性和空间尺度评估最佳管理做法的功效
实践证明,实施最佳管理实践 (BMP) 是减少非点源 (NPS) 污染物的有效方法。农业非点源污染被认为是水质受损的主要原因。本研究旨在利用建模方法评估在田间和流域范围内实施 BMP 时水文和水质输出的变化。亚祖河流域(YRW)是密西西比州最大的流域盆地,其中约 50% 为农业用地。农业区产生的径流携带着沉积物和营养物质。Merigold 流域 (MW) 是 YRW 的一个子流域,也是一个田野规模的流域,大部分土地都用于农业。在实施 BMP 时,必须对溪流、沉积物、总氮 (TN) 和总磷 (TP) 进行量化。本研究对植被过滤带 (VFS) 和覆盖作物 (CC) 等 BMP 进行了测试。水土评估工具 (SWAT) 模型用于量化流域的水文和水质输出。SWAT 模型的准确性评估是通过使用纳什和苏特克利夫效率指数 (NSE) 进行校准和验证的过程进行的。模型在月流量方面的表现令人满意,NSE 值在 0.62 至 0.81 之间;在日沉积物、TN 和 TP 负荷估算方面,NSE 值分别为 0.21、0.20 和 0.47。CC 是在主要作物收获后种植的。因此,必须对污染物的季节性减少进行量化。实施 BMP 后,水质得到了改善,在旱季和雨季,MW 和 YRW 的溪流流量、沉积物、TN 和 TP 负荷均出现了总体下降。此前有关在小西河和榕树湾实施 CC 的季节性评估的研究非常有限。因此,本研究的结果将为科学文献增添新的内容。
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