Determinant factors related to stress, resilience, and depression among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact not only on physical health but also on mental and emotional health. The extensive spread of the virus has led to an unbalanced ratio of health workers to patients. This situation can trigger the onset of stress and depression in healthcare workers, and resilience can help to alleviate mental symptoms. The study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, resilience, and depression among healthcare workers in health facilities in Indonesia. Method: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. It involved healthcare workers in hospitals managing COVID-19 patients. 117 respondents were selected using random sampling techniques. The instruments used were the ER-14 resilience scale, COVID stress scale, and PHQ-9 depression scale. The data analysis involved chi-square and logistic regression. Results: Age (odds ratio [OR]=43.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.01-620.98), number of children (OR=0.21; 95% CI=0.06-0.71), family dependents (OR=0.02; 95% CI=0.00-0.56), and civil servant employee status (OR=0.08; 95% CI=0.01-0.65) were significantly associated with stress among healthcare workers. In terms of resilience, the number of children was an influential determinant (OR=0.17; 95% CI=0.03-0.90), and the number of children (OR=0.21; 95% CI=0.05-0.88), family dependents (OR=11.07; 95% CI=2.12-57.82), work schedule (OR=0.23; 95% CI=0.06-0.90), and work status (OR=0.05; 95% CI=0.00-0.51) were related to depression. Conclusions: The findings indicate several demographical and employment factors that contribute to stress, resilience, and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Policy structure is needed to support these workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially to ease the burden of domestic responsibility.