Toxicity of Metals from the Mining Industry in Latin American Countries

Jessica Arcos, Nayely Jara, González Josselyn
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Abstract

Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are widely recognized as global pollutants that constitute public health problems. This literature review encourages collaborative research in countries with minimal information on the subject and highlights the need for legislation and educational efforts to stop anthropogenic activities that expose Latin American populations. The evidence compiled based on the analysis of 59 documents including books, standards, specialized magazines, etc., presents the reality of the mining industry in countries such as Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, with Chile standing out as a producer of Cu and Pb, followed by Peru as the main exporter of Hg. Regarding environmental contamination, the contamination of soil and water in the four countries by Pb, Cu, Hg, among others, were quite evident, concerning a health risk either by exposure or ingestion. Keywords: toxicity, heavy metals, mining. Resumen El plomo (Pb) y el mercurio (Hg) son metales ampliamente reconocidos como contaminantes globales, que constituyen problemas de salud pública. Esta revisión bibliográfica alienta la realización de investigaciones colaborativas en países con información mínima sobre el tema, y destaca la necesidad de crear una legislación y esfuerzos educativos para detener las actividades antropogénicas que exponen a las poblaciones latinoamericanas. La evidencia recopilada basada en el análisis de 59 documentos entre los que figuran libros, normas, revistas especializadas, etc, presenta la realidad de la industria minera de países como Colombia, Chile, Ecuador y Perú, destacándose Chile como productora de Cu y Pb, seguido de Perú como principal exportador de Hg. En cuanto a la contaminación ambiental, en los cuatro países la contaminación de suelo y agua por Pb, Cu, Hg, entre otros, es evidente siendo un riesgo para la salud ya sea por exposición o ingestión. Palabras Clave: toxicidad, metales pesados, minería.
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拉丁美洲国家采矿业金属的毒性
铅(Pb)和汞(Hg)被公认为构成公共健康问题的全球性污染物。本文献综述鼓励在相关信息极少的国家开展合作研究,并强调了立法和教育工作的必要性,以阻止人类活动对拉丁美洲人口的危害。根据对 59 份文件(包括书籍、标准、专业杂志等)的分析所汇编的证据,展示了哥伦比亚、智利、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁等国采矿业的现实情况,其中智利是铜和铅的主要生产国,秘鲁则是汞的主要出口国。在环境污染方面,四个国家的土壤和水都受到了铅、铜、汞等重金属的污染,无论是接触还是摄入都会对健康造成威胁。关键词:毒性、重金属、采矿。摘要 铅(Pb)和汞(Hg)是公认的全球性污染物,构成了公共健康问题。这篇文献综述鼓励在相关信息极少的国家开展合作研究,并强调了立法和教育工作的必要性,以阻止使拉丁美洲人口暴露于铅和汞的人为活动。根据对 59 份文件(包括书籍、标准、专业期刊等)的分析所汇编的证据介绍了哥伦比亚、智利、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁等国采矿业的现实情况,其中智利是铜和铅的主要生产国,秘鲁则是汞的主要出口国。在环境污染方面,这四个国家的土壤和水明显受到铅、铜、汞等重金属的污染,无论是接触还是摄入都会对健康造成危害。关键词:毒性、重金属、采矿。
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