Cuboid Bone for Distal Radius Reconstruction: An Anatomical Study by 3D Models

Abstract

Background Distal radius (DR) reconstruction due to high-energy trauma, degenerative processes, and oncologic resections can be a challenge when the articular surface is destroyed or resected. This study investigates the possibility of using the cuboid bone of the foot to replace the osteoarticular surface of DR. Purposes We compared the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the articular surface of three foot bones with that of the DR to analyze which one would be the most suitable to replace it. Methods 3D bone models were created from a computed tomography (CT) scan database. The articular surfaces of calcaneus, cuboid bone, and lateral cuneiform bone were compared with that of the DR using the Hausdorff-Besicovitch morphometry analysis. Mean, maximum, and minimum differences were obtained and statistically analyzed. Results The cuboid bone had a mean overall area difference with the DR of 0.72 mm (standard deviation [SD], 0.03 mm). The lateral cuneiform bone showed 0.89 mm (SD, 0.08 mm). The calcaneus presented 1.04 mm (SD, 0.06 mm). The differences and the variability of the articular surface were statistically lower in the cuboid bone. Conclusion The articular surface of the cuboid bone has many similarities to the articular surface of the DR and had the most similarities to the DR of the foot bones study. The cuboid bone could be considered as a replacement for the DR in cases where there is a need for osteoarticular replacement or reconstruction. Further investigations are warranted. Clinical Relevance A vascularized transfer of the cuboid bone may be a suitable option to replace a DR given the anatomical similarities reported.