Niloofar Farsiu, Abozar Ghorbani, Thomas P. Karbanowicz, Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi, Pierangelo Veltri, P. Guzzi
{"title":"Discovery of long non-coding RNAs in naïve CD4+ T cells in response to initiating antiretroviral therapy at acute or chronic phase of HIV-1 infection","authors":"Niloofar Farsiu, Abozar Ghorbani, Thomas P. Karbanowicz, Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi, Pierangelo Veltri, P. Guzzi","doi":"10.3389/av.2024.11572","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained prominence due to their involvement in various cellular processes, but their specific roles remain elusive. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the role of lncRNAs in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by examining their changes in the expression patterns related to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute or chronic phases of infection, compared to healthy controls. We found 316 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in patients receiving long-term ART, shedding light on their potential roles. We also observed interactions between these DE lncRNAs and specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Some of these miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-574-5p, hsa-miR-765, hsa-miR-6165, hsa-miR-1207-5p, and hsa-miR-378i, are associated with cancer progression or suppression, while others, including hsa-miR-328-5p, hsa-miR-4753-3p, and MiR-664, play roles in immune system regulation. Furthermore, our study revealed substantial enrichment in distinct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways. Although our results indicate possible molecular processes impacted by the discovered lncRNAs, we cannot explicitly establish causality or specific connections between lncRNAs and genes in these pathways, fostering more specific studies. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted terms such as cytoskeletal protein binding, ion channel function, synaptic processes, neuron projection, and the somatodendritic compartment, underscoring the relevance of lncRNAs in these cellular components within the context of HIV-1 infection and ART treatment. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the need for further exploration of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HIV-1-infected patients, with a particular focus on CD4+ T cells. Understanding the functions of lncRNAs in these contexts may pave the way for novel treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes, aligning with the broader goals of our research.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta virologica","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/av.2024.11572","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"VIROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained prominence due to their involvement in various cellular processes, but their specific roles remain elusive. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the role of lncRNAs in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by examining their changes in the expression patterns related to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute or chronic phases of infection, compared to healthy controls. We found 316 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in patients receiving long-term ART, shedding light on their potential roles. We also observed interactions between these DE lncRNAs and specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Some of these miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-574-5p, hsa-miR-765, hsa-miR-6165, hsa-miR-1207-5p, and hsa-miR-378i, are associated with cancer progression or suppression, while others, including hsa-miR-328-5p, hsa-miR-4753-3p, and MiR-664, play roles in immune system regulation. Furthermore, our study revealed substantial enrichment in distinct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as axon guidance, PI3K-Akt signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways. Although our results indicate possible molecular processes impacted by the discovered lncRNAs, we cannot explicitly establish causality or specific connections between lncRNAs and genes in these pathways, fostering more specific studies. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted terms such as cytoskeletal protein binding, ion channel function, synaptic processes, neuron projection, and the somatodendritic compartment, underscoring the relevance of lncRNAs in these cellular components within the context of HIV-1 infection and ART treatment. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the need for further exploration of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HIV-1-infected patients, with a particular focus on CD4+ T cells. Understanding the functions of lncRNAs in these contexts may pave the way for novel treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes, aligning with the broader goals of our research.
期刊介绍:
Acta virologica is an international journal of predominantly molecular and cellular virology. Acta virologica aims to publish papers reporting original results of fundamental and applied research mainly on human, animal and plant viruses at cellular and molecular level. As a matter of tradition, also rickettsiae are included. Areas of interest are virus structure and morphology, molecular biology of virus-cell interactions, molecular genetics of viruses, pathogenesis of viral diseases, viral immunology, vaccines, antiviral drugs and viral diagnostics.