Widening Educational Disparities in Health and Longevity

IF 5.5 2区医学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1146/annurev-soc-071723-080605

J. K. Montez, Erin M. Bisesti

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Educational attainment level has long been a strong predictor of adult health and longevity in the United States. Interestingly, the association between education and these outcomes has strengthened in recent decades. Since the 1980s, higher-educated adults have experienced favorable trends in health and longevity, while lower-educated adults have experienced stagnation or unfavorable trends. Studies have provided important clues about why the association between education and health and longevity has strengthened over time. However, explanations remain incomplete and contested. This article discusses key findings and debates about why the association has become stronger and offers recommendations to advance robust explanations. Two key recommendations call for a fundamental shift in how researchers conceptualize and study the increasingly strong association. These include (a) reconsidering which education groups should be viewed as normative in analyses of the trends and (b) elevating attention on contexts, institutions, and actors that have had an outsized influence on the trends.

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在健康和长寿方面不断扩大的教育差距

长期以来，教育程度一直是美国成年人健康和长寿的有力预测因素。有趣的是，近几十年来，受教育程度与这些结果之间的联系有所加强。自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，受教育程度较高的成年人在健康和长寿方面呈现出有利的趋势，而受教育程度较低的成年人则呈现出停滞或不利的趋势。关于教育与健康和长寿之间的联系为何随着时间的推移而加强，研究提供了重要线索。然而，这些解释仍不全面，且存在争议。本文讨论了关于教育与健康和长寿之间的联系为何变得更加紧密的主要研究结果和争论，并提出了一些建议，以推进有力的解释。有两项关键建议要求研究人员从根本上转变观念，研究这种日益紧密的联系。这些建议包括：（a）重新考虑在分析趋势时应将哪些教育团体视为规范性团体；（b）提高对对趋势产生巨大影响的背景、机构和参与者的关注。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Materials Science-Biomaterials

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

3.40%

发文量

413

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