Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus

Alexander C Martins, B. G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio
{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus","authors":"Alexander C Martins, B. G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio","doi":"10.37349/eds.2024.00039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical interventions play a vital role in managing various conditions, including weight-related issues such as obesity. In this context, lifestyle changes are often challenging to maintain, especially for individuals struggling with this condition. Obesity is strongly linked to serious health conditions like cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, leading to a cascade of health risks. Importantly, the development of effective and safe weight loss medications has been challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of which is also rising, is closely related to obesity. The annual rate of DM cases has increased significantly, mirroring trends in obesity. Pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing drugs that address both diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a promising class of medications with dual benefits in managing diabetes and aiding weight loss such as semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, among others. However, despite their effectiveness, they can be expensive. The availability of various GLP-1RAs offers flexibility in diabetes management, but the surge in their prescription has led to a global shortage. Health authorities are working to address this issue, while pharmaceutical companies are exploring new paths to improve the quality of these drugs. In this context, tirzepatide stands out as a medication targeting key hormones involved in obesity and DM. Another potential breakthrough, retatrutide, is also being developed for these two conditions, but it requires further research. In this paper, the authors address all the GLP-1RA options developed to date, covering their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and chemical structures, among other aspects.","PeriodicalId":72998,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of drug science","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Exploration of drug science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.37349/eds.2024.00039","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pharmaceutical interventions play a vital role in managing various conditions, including weight-related issues such as obesity. In this context, lifestyle changes are often challenging to maintain, especially for individuals struggling with this condition. Obesity is strongly linked to serious health conditions like cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance, leading to a cascade of health risks. Importantly, the development of effective and safe weight loss medications has been challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of which is also rising, is closely related to obesity. The annual rate of DM cases has increased significantly, mirroring trends in obesity. Pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing drugs that address both diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a promising class of medications with dual benefits in managing diabetes and aiding weight loss such as semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, among others. However, despite their effectiveness, they can be expensive. The availability of various GLP-1RAs offers flexibility in diabetes management, but the surge in their prescription has led to a global shortage. Health authorities are working to address this issue, while pharmaceutical companies are exploring new paths to improve the quality of these drugs. In this context, tirzepatide stands out as a medication targeting key hormones involved in obesity and DM. Another potential breakthrough, retatrutide, is also being developed for these two conditions, but it requires further research. In this paper, the authors address all the GLP-1RA options developed to date, covering their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and chemical structures, among other aspects.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
治疗肥胖症和糖尿病的胰高血糖素样肽-1 和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽激动剂
药物干预在控制各种疾病(包括肥胖等与体重有关的问题)方面发挥着重要作用。在这种情况下,生活方式的改变往往很难坚持下去,尤其是对于饱受肥胖困扰的人来说。肥胖与心血管疾病和胰岛素抵抗等严重健康问题密切相关,会导致一系列健康风险。重要的是,开发有效、安全的减肥药物一直是一项挑战。糖尿病(DM)的发病率也在上升,这与肥胖密切相关。糖尿病病例的年增长率与肥胖症的趋势如出一辙。制药公司在开发治疗糖尿病和肥胖症的药物方面取得了重大进展。胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RAs)已成为一类前景看好的药物,具有控制糖尿病和帮助减肥的双重功效,如塞马鲁肽、利拉鲁肽、度拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽等。然而,这些药物虽然有效,但价格昂贵。各种 GLP-1RA 的出现为糖尿病治疗提供了灵活性,但其处方量的激增已导致全球短缺。卫生部门正在努力解决这一问题,而制药公司也在探索提高这些药物质量的新途径。在这种情况下,针对肥胖和糖尿病关键激素的药物--替扎帕肽(tirzepatide)脱颖而出。另一种潜在的突破性药物--雷他鲁肽,也正在针对这两种病症进行研发,但还需要进一步的研究。在本文中,作者讨论了迄今为止开发的所有 GLP-1RA 选择,涵盖了它们的作用机制、疗效和化学结构等方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Enhanced breast cancer cell targeting: RGD integrin ligand potentiates RWQWRWQWR’s cytotoxicity and inhibits migration Plants and fungi metabolites as novel autophagy inducers and senescence inhibitors Pain management for the neurosurgical patient in spinal procedures: overview of historic and new modalities Interaction of norsecurinine-type monomeric and dimeric alkaloids with α-tubulin: a molecular docking study Stryphnodendron adstringens have a modulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines markers of in vitro activated macrophages
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1