Perspectives of improving rice photosynthesis for higher grain yield

Dongliang Xiong
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Abstract

Many efforts have been made to enhance rice photosynthesis for higher grain yields, although such knowledge has seldom been integrated into rice breeding programs. In this review, I first address the limitations and challenges of the theory that yield is controlled by photosynthesis, a concept rooted in the fact that carbon forms a significant part of plant mass, with photosynthesis acting as the fundamental pathway for carbon assimilation. Subsequently, the discussion covers photosynthesis indices, their measurement techniques, and the challenges in establishing correlations between photosynthesis indices and yields. The review then delves into recent advancements, including leveraging natural variations, enhancing the electron transport chain, augmenting the efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), increasing CO2 concentration around Rubisco, initiatives like the C4 rice project, strategies for photorespiration bypass, and non-leaf photosynthesis contributions. The conclusion emphasizes future research directions such as advocating for the incorporation of photosynthesis within broader organismic processes, unraveling the complex link between photosynthesis and grain yield, developing efficient and direct methods for photosynthesis phenotyping, and assessing photosynthetic performance under actual field conditions.

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改善水稻光合作用以提高产量的前景
为提高水稻的光合作用以获得更高的谷物产量,人们做出了许多努力,但这些知识很少被纳入水稻育种计划。在这篇综述中,我首先论述了产量受光合作用控制这一理论的局限性和挑战,这一概念的根源在于碳构成植物质量的重要部分,而光合作用是碳同化的基本途径。随后,文章讨论了光合作用指数、测量技术以及建立光合作用指数与产量之间相关性的挑战。综述随后深入探讨了最近的进展,包括利用自然变化、增强电子传递链、提高核酮糖双磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶(Rubisco)的效率、增加 Rubisco 周围的二氧化碳浓度、C4 水稻项目等举措、光呼吸旁路策略以及非叶片光合作用的贡献。结论强调了未来的研究方向,如提倡将光合作用纳入更广泛的有机过程,揭示光合作用与谷物产量之间的复杂联系,开发高效、直接的光合作用表型方法,以及评估实际田间条件下的光合作用性能。
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Publisher's Note Light condition during grain-filling stage of main crop strongly influences ratooning ability of low-stubble ratoon rice A comparative assessment of polymer-coated and non-coated urea in direct-seeded rice: agronomic, economic, and environmental performance and sensitivity analysis Corrigendum to “Enhancing maize radiation use efficiency under high planting density by shaping canopy architecture with a plant growth regulator” [Crop and Environ Volume 3 (Issue 1) (March 2024) Pages 51–63] Response of seed vigor to experimental warming in a double rice cropping system
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