Unsteady Natural Convection of Dusty Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Between a Wavy and Circular Cylinder with Heat Generation

Abstract

This work investigates the flow of two-phase dusty unsteady natural convection of water-based hybrid nanofluid (HNF) in a wavy cylinder with internal heat generation. The equations are changed using coordinate transformations to construct the problem’s physical domain after that the resulting equations are solved using the finite difference method. Higher Rayleigh number and volume fraction of nanoparticles boost the vortex and the heat transfer. On the other hand, the heat generation parameter enhances the heat within the enclosure. Eventually, generated heat surpasses the temperature of the hot wall and decreases the rate of heat transfer from the inner wall. About a 16.39% increment in the average Nusselt number is observed at the hot wall for 6% HNF when undulations are five, and about 92.79% increment is found when the density ratio is 1000. This study can predict two-dimensional flow patterns; however, the model is only reliable for modest density fluctuations and constant thermo-physical parameters. The impact of dust particles in natural convection within a wavy enclosure is little known, therefore, the current investigation is to analyze the effects of dust particles and internal heat generation of a hybrid nanofluid’s flow in a wavy enclosure. Here, Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid is used as the working fluid because of low cost, availability of the materials, and easy process of preparation.