A nationwide study of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in hospitalized pregnant women in the United States, 2009–2020

Abstract

Background

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rarely described in the pregnant population, and knowledge of their impact on the mother/fetus is limited.

Objective

To describe SJS/TEN in pregnant women and to investigate the risk factors for developing SJS/TEN in pregnancy.

Methods

We utilized hospitalization data from the 2009–2020 National Inpatient Sample. Pregnancy hospitalizations and SJS/TEN involvement were identified by ICD-9/10 codes and analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression.

Results

We identified 650 pregnancies complicated by SJS/TEN requiring hospitalization. The median age was 28 years, and most were non-Hispanic White (55.2%). There were ≤10 cases associated with mortality. Most SJS/TEN cases (73.9%) occurred during the third trimester. HIV infection (OR = 9.49; P = .030), herpes simplex virus infection (OR = 2.49; P = .021), genitourinary tract infections (OR = 3.80; P < .001), malignant neoplasm (OR = 8.67; P = .031), and lupus erythematosus (OR = 41.94; P < .001) were associated with increased odds of developing SJS/TEN in pregnancy. Rates of preterm births were higher in the SJS/TEN cohort, 16.9% versus 8.2% (P < .001). Rates of pre-eclampsia, stillbirths, and post-term births were similar between the SJS/TEN versus non-SJS/TEN pregnancy cohorts.

Limitations

Limited cohort size.

Conclusions

SJS/TEN in pregnancy appears to be mild and is associated with favorable maternal-fetal outcomes, except for increased preterm birth.