A. A. Sin’kevich, I. A. Tarabukin, M. L. Toropova, Yu. P. Mikhailovskii, N. E. Veremei, A. B. Kurov, I. E. Yusupov, N. V. Bocharnikov, A. S. Lalushkin, A. S. Solonin, D. S. Starykh
{"title":"Structure and Characteristics of a Сb during Lightning","authors":"A. A. Sin’kevich, I. A. Tarabukin, M. L. Toropova, Yu. P. Mikhailovskii, N. E. Veremei, A. B. Kurov, I. E. Yusupov, N. V. Bocharnikov, A. S. Lalushkin, A. S. Solonin, D. S. Starykh","doi":"10.1134/S1024856023700082","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>A single thundercloud which was developing near the coast of the Gulf of Finland at night is studied. Using three meteorological radars, two lightning detection systems, and a 3D numerical model, the physical processes which caused electrification of the cloud are analyzed. It is shown that the first lightning occurred in the period when a small area with graupel particles was observed in the upper part of the cloud. According to radar observations and numerical simulation, updrafts played an important role in the formation of that area and the microstructure of the cloud. Further increase in thunderstorm activity was associated with an increase in the cloud volume with graupel and hail. Analysis of the charge values of individual cloud fractions derived in numerical simulation shows hailstones to be the main carriers of a negative charge.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1024856023700082","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A single thundercloud which was developing near the coast of the Gulf of Finland at night is studied. Using three meteorological radars, two lightning detection systems, and a 3D numerical model, the physical processes which caused electrification of the cloud are analyzed. It is shown that the first lightning occurred in the period when a small area with graupel particles was observed in the upper part of the cloud. According to radar observations and numerical simulation, updrafts played an important role in the formation of that area and the microstructure of the cloud. Further increase in thunderstorm activity was associated with an increase in the cloud volume with graupel and hail. Analysis of the charge values of individual cloud fractions derived in numerical simulation shows hailstones to be the main carriers of a negative charge.
期刊介绍：
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics is an international peer reviewed journal that presents experimental and theoretical articles relevant to a wide range of problems of atmospheric and oceanic optics, ecology, and climate. The journal coverage includes: scattering and transfer of optical waves, spectroscopy of atmospheric gases, turbulent and nonlinear optical phenomena, adaptive optics, remote (ground-based, airborne, and spaceborne) sensing of the atmosphere and the surface, methods for solving of inverse problems, new equipment for optical investigations, development of computer programs and databases for optical studies. Thematic issues are devoted to the studies of atmospheric ozone, adaptive, nonlinear, and coherent optics, regional climate and environmental monitoring, and other subjects.
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